On August 9-13, 2011, Ulaanbaatar hosted the X International Congress of Mongolian Scholars

(X MCM), organized by the International Association of Mongolian Studies (IAM) in cooperation with the Mongolian Academy of Sciences and the Mongolian State University (MonSU). The Congress was held under the auspices of the President of Mongolia Ts. Elbegdorj and was dedicated to the 2220th anniversary of the foundation of the Mongolian statehood, the 100th anniversary of the national independence in 1911 and the 90th anniversary of the victory of the people's revolution in 1921, which gave it a special significance and jubilee character.

Like the previous congresses, which date back to the First International Congress of Mongolian Philologists in 1959 and are convened every 5 years, the X International Congress was distinguished by its broad international representation. It was attended by more than 200 scientists from 25 countries of Europe, Asia and America and more than 100 Mongolian scientists.

The grand opening of the congress was held in the large conference hall of the Government House. Participants and guests were greeted by folk musicians. After that, the General Secretary of the International Association of Mongolian Studies, acad. Sh. Bira, declared the congress open. Then the President of Mongolia Ts. Элбэгдорж.

The President stressed the importance of this scientific forum both as a review of the achievements of world science about Mongolia in recent years and as an impetus for its further development. A particularly important area of research, in his opinion, is the study of the history of Mongolian statehood, starting from the Xiongnu empire (Huns, Xiongnu) and the emergence of democracy in Mongolia.

The President stressed the need to train young specialists in Mongolian studies and put forward proposals for organizing a fund to support the development of Mongolian studies, an International University of Mongolian Studies, and a Mongolian research center in Mongolia.

At the first plenary session of the congress, two reports were heard: Director of the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia D. Tseveendorzh "The Huns (Huns) are an ancient Mongolian family" and one of the leading Mongol scholars of Japan Nakami Tatsuo " The search for building a national state: Declaration of Independence of Mongolia, 1911 Revision of views".

D. Tseveendorzh based on archaeological finds proved the relationship between the Xiongnu (Huns) and the Mongols. Nakami Tatsuo focused on the need for an objective study of the causes and specific course of events that led to the separation of Mongolia from China, which, in his opinion, so far none of the scientists have done due to the limited availability of relevant sources, especially Mongolian ones.

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The main theme of the congress is "Mongolia's Foreign Relations and historical experience". There were five sections: "Mongolia and the outside world in prehistoric and historical periods"; "Actual problems of the Mongolian language and culture"; "Economy and Politics of Mongolia"; "Foreign relations and Diplomacy of Mongolia"; "Independence of Mongolia and the Revolution".

The section "Mongolia and the outside world in prehistoric and historical periods" was attended by about 50 scientists from different countries.

R. Y. Pochekaev (Russia) in his report "The Ogedeids as compromise figures (on the history of inter-state relations of the Genghisids in the XIII-XV centuries)" spoke about the descendants of Ogedei, whose fate was rather tragic, despite the fact that his family retained power in the Mongol Empire for two decades. In the XIII century. they were formally deprived of the right to occupy the throne, and in the XIV century they completely lost their ulus.

U. P. Bicheldey and K. A. Bicheldey (Russia) devoted their report "On the trans-Mongolian way of spreading Buddhism to Tuva" to the spread of Mahayana Buddhism and its role in the spiritual culture of Tuvans. The first wave of Buddhism came to Tuva in the form of Hinayana from Sogdiana, the second period coincided with the formation of a unified Mongol state in the early 13th century. Since the 16th century, Buddhism in Tuva has received support from the secular authorities, thanks to which Tuvans have become familiar with the Old Mongolian and Tibetan scripts.

N. N. Kradin and A. L. Ivliev (Russia) presented their report on the excavations of the medieval city of Hermen (Mongolia) in 2010-2011. Based on the analysis of the found objects, it was concluded that the artifacts belong to the period of the Liao Empire.

A. Samdan (Russia) in her report "Folk legends about the Oirat Amursan" told about the legends and traditions (over 10) about the Hotogoyt Chingunzhav and Oirat Amursan recorded in the territory of modern Tuva since the 1950s.

V. D. Balzhinimaeva (Russia) analyzed the terminology that reflects the tools and processing of non-ferrous metals among the Mongols.

S. Chuluun (Mongolia) reported on the source "Shar tuuzha" (XVII c.) found by him, found in a resident of Zuunmod aimag of Tuv Sh. Tserendoo. The researcher found that the author of the found manuscript (32 l.) is Shamba Erh Dai, the author of the "History of Asaragchi". It is planned to publish the text with an introduction, translation, commentary and facsimile.

The report of T. Gua (China) "On the question of the Manchu translation of the Erdenin Tovch" referred to the famous work of Sagaan Setsen (XVII century). In 1766, by decree of the Manchu Emperor Qianglong, the work was translated first into Manchu, then into Chinese. Subsequently, a woodblock print was made. The speaker elaborated on the study of the monument and its translations into English, German, Japanese and Korean.

L. Bilegt (Mongolia) shared his thoughts on the concept and etymology of the term "Tengerism" in his report "Sky, time and predestination in the worldview of nomads of Mongolia of the VIII-XIV centuries".

C. Enkhchimeg (Mongolia) in her report "Charity in the Mongol Empire (XIII-XIV centuries)" highlighted this area of activity, which was mainly engaged in by the spouses of Mongol khans. The main areas of application of charity at that time were education and culture, the construction of monasteries. The activities of Sorhogtani-beki, wife of Tolui, and Togus-khatan, wife of Hulagu Khan, were covered in detail.

S. Ulziibayar (Mongolia) - differentiation of burial sites of the Mongolian nobility into "Ikh khorig" and "Ihsiyn gazar". N. Erdene-Ochir (Mongolia) focused on the consideration of weapons of the Huns. G. Betlenfalvi (Hungary) in the report "Tibetan and Indian relations in the reflection of deities in the Mongolian folk religion" spoke about shamanism and other religious practices that are still widely represented in modern Mongolia. Special attention was paid to the central postulate of the shamanic cult in Mongolia-the worship of the "Eternal Blue Sky".

The participants of the section" Actual problems of the Mongolian language and culture " listened to more than 60 reports, which were distinguished by a wide range of topics discussed, relevance and novelty, the use of new sources and field materials. 34 reports were read in Mongolian, 17 in English and 10 in Russian. The section meetings were held in two subsections.

The linguistic sub-section considered the peculiarities of the language of monuments of Mongolian writing from different historical periods and different genres, including Buddhist works, as well as issues of transcription, translation and publication of classical texts, pre-texts, etc.-

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first of all, the" Secret Legend of the Mongols " (1240) as the first historical and literary monument.

The focus of linguists ' attention was also on unexplored or poorly studied issues of grammar, dialectology, historical phonetics, phonology, word formation, lexicography, terminology, phraseology, foreign language borrowings, onomastics, etymology and semantics of words, interlanguage contacts, problems of preserving and developing the languages of the Mongolian peoples in various countries, primarily Russia and China.

Famous Mongolian linguist akad. L. Bold in his report "Issues of lexical structure in the "Hidden Legend of the Mongols" (SSM)" addressed the etymology and semantics of some words and expressions in the proverbs found in the text of the monument. Using the data of the Turkic languages, the scientist revealed inaccuracies in their interpretation when translating the work into other languages. In particular, he suggested that the word hudaru, interpreted by Chinese translators as "explain, comment", Ts Damdinsuren-as "not to keep promises", in SSM means "forget". The word in the same form and meaning is found in the Turkic languages. According to the author, the meaning of some words in the oldest literary monument of the Mongols is not always clear, so the actual task of linguists is to reconstruct the original transcription of the text of the monument and adequately describe its lexical structure.

E. Purevzhav (Mongolia) in his report "The Mongolian lexicon in the "Hidden Legend of the Mongols" concluded that the time has come to compile an explanatory dictionary of the SSM. The author spoke about the SSM dictionaries published in Mongolia and abroad, in particular about the first such dictionary published in 1939 by the famous German Mongol scholar E. Henisch.

Great interest was aroused by the report of the famous Mongolian scholar J. Tsoloo "Terms and symbols of traditional dwelling in the Mongolian epic", in which the author rightly emphasized the lack of attention of linguists to the language of the Mongolian epic, while the epic text is the most valuable lexical source of Mongolian dialectology. The scientist noted the importance of studying the terminology of the Mongolian yurt, which differs from both the Turkic and Tibetan ones.

B. Purev-Ochir and D. Baasanbat (Mongolia) presented a joint report on the nature, semantic extensions and social use of the word nam in the Mongolian language. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that this word is of very ancient origin and dates back to the Sumerian period. As a source of language material, we used the work of the famous Mongolian writer and playwright L. Wangan. It should be noted that the authors applied new research methods to the analysis of this word, in particular, the frame approach, cognitive analysis, etc.

Ya. Bayansan's (Mongolia) report on "Some issues of a new paradigm in the study of Mongolian compound words" was devoted to the interpretation of the structure of compound words and identification of the reasons for their formation, which the author indicated not only the alliteration factor, but also morphological and semantic analogy and association.

Mongolian onomaster E. Ravdan presented a report "On the form and semantics of Mongolian geographical names". It is interesting to conclude that the Mongols are among the few peoples who gave personalized names to geographical areas. Statistical calculations revealed that 99.8% of all Mongolian toponyms are active two-, three - and four - component names, while the share of passive toponyms-one -, five -, seven - and eight-component words-is insignificant.

In the report of Ts. Unurbayan (Mongolia)" Images of the abstract world in the mirror of the Mongolian language " an attempt was made to consider such important concepts as oyun (mind, intellect), ukhaan (wisdom), bodol (thought), sanaa (idea), setgal (soul) from the perspective of ethnopsycholinguistics. The author noted the peculiarities of their lexical and semantic compatibility.

B. Amarzhargal (Mongolia) in her report "Comparative study of some dialects of Western and Eastern Khalkhas" revealed grammatical and lexical features of the dialects of dariganga and eljigen, related to the processes of linguistic and historical development, way of life, customs and traditions of their native speakers.

D. Zayabaatar (Mongolia) raised the controversial issue of the status of voice suffixes in the Mongolian language as derivational (word - forming) or inflectional.

The speeches of foreign Mongolian scholars were also distinguished by the relevance of the problems posed, the introduction of new material and modern research methods into scientific circulation.

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Kurebito Tokusu (Japan) showed the differences between transitive and intransitive verbs in Mongolian. He considered suffixal ways of forming transitive verbs from intransitive ones.

The report of Nariko Yamaguchi (Japan) was devoted to borrowing from Sanskrit in Mongolian Buddhist works. The author noted that many Sanskrit words came to the Mongolian language through the Uyghurs in connection with the translation of Buddhist texts.

Japanese researcher Fuji Mako devoted her report to the first-person plural pronoun bida, which occurs in the monologue part of the text of the "Secret Legend of the Mongols", to identify its possible authorship. She noted that this pronoun in the form of the nominative case was recorded 86 times, and only in dialogues. At the same time, the genitive form of this pronoun occurs 67 times, including 19 cases related to a monologue.

Suying Hsiao (Taiwan) he revealed a number of syntactic features of the monument. The report of Y.-O. aroused interest. Svantensson (Sweden), devoted to the problem of phonological interpretation of the vocalism system of the Mongolian language. The report of Maria Magdalena Tatar (Norway)" Agricultural terminology of Turkic and Iranian origin in Western Mongolian dialects " analyzed 26 words, most of which are unknown to the Khalkha dialect or have other semantics.

Report by E. Omakaeva (Russia) " Mongolistics and Oirat studies in Russia: unsolved problems and research priorities in the works of Kalmyk linguists " was devoted to field research of oral and written traditions of Mongolian peoples and classification of Mongolian languages. The author pays special attention to the unresolved question of the status of Oirat: is it a western dialect of Mongolian, an independent language, or is it a group of dialects that includes Kalmyk in Russia, Oirat in China (mainly Torgut and Khoshut) and Mongolia (Derbet, Torgut, etc.)? T. S. Yessenova (Russia) considered the concept of social consciousness and its implementation in scientific and journalistic texts. G. A. Dyrheeva (Russia) in her report "The language and culture of the Mongols: the formation of Mongolian linguoculturology" reviewed the research conducted by Mongolian scholars in this field. The review showed the prospects and opportunities that open up in connection with new integration approaches to studying the language-culture relationship. Kormushin (Russia) presented some considerations on the possible sequence of transformations of the morphological composition of the Mongolian numeral ten, which may serve to further bring together the points of view of G. I. Ramstedt and N. N. Poppe.

Description of the basic principles of transcription of Mongolian language material in the Dada yu/bailu yu dictionary (late XVI-early XVII centuries) was presented by P. O. Rykin (Russia). In his opinion, taking into account the principles identified by him makes possible the most accurate phonetic reconstruction of Mongolian forms in the specified dictionary.

G. Ts. Pyurbeev (Russia) studied the phraseology of the monument of Mongolian law of the XVIII century "Khalkha jirum". This legislative collection, which reflects the most important state-legal norms for its time and the prevailing socio-political relations in the Mongolian feudal-class society, contains many original phraseological units related to various spheres of life and everyday life of the Mongols. Due to the legal nature of the monument, a significant part of phraseological phrases refers to judicial and investigative cases, as well as to the system of various penalties.

The report of D. Gedeeva (Russia) dealt with the Oirat-Kalmyk legislative monuments of the XVII - early XIX centuries: "Ik tsaazhi", "Laws of Donduk-Dashi", "Code of the 20-thousandth army" and "Zinzilinsky decrees".

V. E. Radnaev (Russia) in his report "Synthesis of Western and Eastern components in Mongolian lexicography (XIV-XIX centuries)" traced the history of the development of Mongolian lexicography in the light of macro - and microstructures of dictionaries of various types created by compilers of various traditions in lexicographic theory and practice. According to the speaker, there is an invisible dialogue between the West and the East in modern Mongolian lexicography, as evidenced by the dictionaries currently compiled by Mongolists.

A lively discussion was caused by the following reports: U. Song-Gyu (Korea) "On Khitan words related to the Korean language", V. Kapisovska (Czech Republic) "Foreign language elements in Mongolian paired words", M. Bazarragcha (Mongolia) "Ways of word formation in ancient languages".-

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non-Mongolian language", O. Sambudorzha (Mongolia) "On the problem of stratification of the Mongolian spoken language", S. Tsetsentsogt (China) "Some features of the Mongolian verb" and J. Baltzersen (Denmark) "International cooperation in the educational sphere of Mongolia".

The second sub-section included reports on literary studies and folklore studies, as well as reports on the study of the manuscript heritage, the creation of a database of folklore works, current processes and trends in Mongolian prose and poetry, etc. National Library of Ulaanbaatar", S. Khuvsugul "On the manuscripts of the drama "Biography of the Moon Cuckoo"", Chinese scholar Sikhimenko "On the types of Mongolian folk legends and the creation of a database", K. Kollmar-Paulenz (Switzerland) "On the comparative study of the colophons of Ganjur", Russian scientists I. V. Kulganek " Mongolian aphoristic poetry about Buddhism", M. P. Petrova "Modernism in the Mongolian literature of the XXI century", E. E. Khabunova "The epic tradition of "Jangara" in the new age (based on field research materials)" etc.

The reports presented at the section show that modern Mongolistics is characterized by the expansion of the empirical base of scientific research, the use of new methods and techniques, interest in the study of oral and written traditions, the activation of Mongolian scholars in the field of sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, linguofolkloristics, as well as the deepening of scientific contacts between research centers in different countries.

More than 100 scientists, teachers and students from Mongolia, Russia, China, Japan, the USA, Canada, France, Great Britain, the Republic of Korea, Switzerland, and Austria took part in the "Economy and Politics of Mongolia" section. More than 40 of them made presentations on a wide range of issues related to the economic and political development of modern Mongolia, as well as history, ethnography, political and cultural anthropology, the history of traditional Mongolian medicine, etc. Most of the reports were prepared at a high academic level, usually based on an in-depth study of various Mongolian, Chinese, Russian, Japanese, American and other sources and literature, as well as the results of field archaeological, ethnographic, cultural and other studies conducted by Mongolian, Russian and other foreign scientists. Geographically and spatially, many reports covered not only the territory of modern Mongolia, but also the neighboring territories of Russia (Buryatia, Tuva) and China (Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang).

The reports presented at the section meetings could be divided into the following groups:: 1) the economy of modern Mongolia; 2) politics and political anthropology of Mongolia; 3) history, source studies; 4) ethnography, cultural studies of the Mongolian peoples, including folk art, music, traditional Tibetan-Mongolian medicine, etc.

Among the most informative presentations on the economy of modern Mongolia, we should highlight the reports of Mongolian scientists, including acad. T. Namjim "Transition economy of Mongolia and the forecast for the future", Ts Baatar "Current state of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mongolia and their prospects", R. Rinchinbazar and G. Purevsuren "Investment and financial support for the private sector". private sector and entrepreneurship in the Western zone of Mongolia", etc.

Academician T. Namjim (Mongolia) analyzed the course and results of the transition period in Mongolia (1990-2010), the current state and prospects of the country's economy, state economic policy, and put forward a number of proposals for developing a scientifically based strategy for the country's economic development until 2021. During the transition period, the speaker identified two main stages:: 1) 1990-2000 - a stage of decline in production and the economy as a whole; 2) 2001-2010 - a stage of gradual recovery and recovery of the economy. In 2000-2010, we managed to bring the country's economy out of the crisis, restore production in the main sectors, and compensate for the damage caused to the economy in the 1990s and 2000s.

According to T. Namjim, Mongolia has three main types of resources that can become the basis for its economic growth in the future: population and labor reserves, natural resources and livestock raw materials. The main factors contributing to the relatively high growth rates of the main macroeconomic indicators of Mongolia over the past 10 years were the growth of copper, gold, coal and some other types of minerals, a significant increase in world prices for copper and gold, as well as an increase in the production of vodka and food products

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within the country. At the same time, no significant progress has been made in the recovery of the manufacturing industry. Livestock production has increased, reaching a record high of 44 million head by the end of 2009. This growth was mainly driven by a reduction in livestock and meat exports to Russia. During the same period, the most severe natural disasters occurred (in 2000 and 2010), as a result of which more than 20 million livestock were killed and the country's economy was greatly damaged. At the beginning of the transition period, agriculture was in complete decline. In recent years, as a result of the measures taken by the Government, significant progress has been made in reviving agriculture, increasing the production of grain and other agricultural products, and meeting the country's needs for grain and other field products at the expense of its own production. The decline in the development of construction and motor transport has been overcome. During the transition period, the private sector was formed, which now produces more than 70% of GDP, and large national production and service companies were created.

At the same time, despite a noticeable improvement in macroeconomic indicators, the level of unemployment and poverty in the country remains high. The country has large reserves and opportunities for the development of the mining industry.

By now, the transition phase has ended. A new stage of intensive development of the Mongolian economy is beginning. T. Namjim places the greatest hopes for success in the development of the country's economy in the next 10 years with the development of industry, primarily with the development and implementation of large projects in the mining, coal, oil, metallurgical and manufacturing industries.

C. Baatar (Mongolia) analyzed the main trends of foreign investment in the country's economy in 1990-2010 and provided the latest generalized data on the volume and main directions of these investments. During this period, the total volume of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the economy of Mongolia amounted to $ 3.4 billion. Over the past 5 years, more than 70% of them have been spent in the United States. This indicates the interest of foreign investors, including large ones (for example, the Anglo-Australian Rio Tinto Group, the Chinese Shenhua Group, the American Peabody Group, etc.), in developing large mineral deposits (coal, copper, gold, uranium, etc.). That, according to data for 2010, more than 50% of all FDI ($2.5 billion) is accounted for by the Government. China accounted for about $ 300 million), while the Netherlands was in second place, far behind the leader (about $ 300 million). Russia (over $ 60 million) is not even among the top ten major foreign investors in Mongolia's economy. 70-80% of all FDI is directed primarily to the mining industry.

The current fierce competition of large multinational corporations for access to Mongolia's natural resources is reflected in the report "Mongolia at War: an Economic War under a Blue Sky"by A. Marais (France).

The report of R. Rinchinbazar and G. Purevsuren (both from Mongolia) was devoted to the analysis of investment and financial support for the private sector and entrepreneurship in the Western Zone of Mongolia, which includes five western aimags.

In an interesting and innovative paper titled "A Comparative Study of the economic Development of Landlocked Countries", Japanese scientist Shim Yu Sup made the first and, in our opinion, successful attempt to compare the results of economic development of these countries using the example of Mongolia and the African country of Botswana. Botswana, like Mongolia, is also rich in natural resources and has already accumulated considerable positive experience in their rational use for the development of its economy. According to the speaker, the experience of Botswana, as well as other landlocked countries, can be used in Mongolia.

Many reports were devoted to the problems and prospects of development of pastoral and nomadic cattle breeding, nomadism and nomadic lifestyle of Arat cattle breeders, as well as environmental degradation, pasture degradation and desertification in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia (PRC) and other pressing problems. In particular, this topic is reflected in the following reports: J. Janzen (Germany) "Present and future of mobile animal husbandry in Mongolia", E. Endshott (USA) "Nomadic pastoral animal husbandry in the XXI century: Mongolia", Akira Kamimura (Japan) " Preliminary assessment of the impact of the new pasture law on pastoral animal husbandry in Mongolia", J. Enkhee (China) "Traditional wisdom of the Mongols and its role in the development of livestock areas in Inner Mongolia", Chonkhor (China) "Nomadic animal husbandry and pasture stability in Mongolia", Haisan (Japan) " Pri-

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causes of degradation of the plant eco-environment in the areas of pasture animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia", etc. Some modern Western nomad scholars, nomadologists (for example, K. Humphrey, D. Snis, I. Janzen, etc.), based on the fact that such concepts as "nomadism", "nomadic", "nomadic", most modern people and scientists, as a rule, are associated with backward, outdated forms of economy, etc. Many people prefer to use such a concept as "mobile animal husbandry"to characterize modern Mongolian animal husbandry. Many foreign speakers, based on the results of their many years of research, including field research, noted the deterioration of the natural, climatic and socio-economic conditions for traditional animal husbandry in modern Mongolia and in neighboring Inner Mongolia (China), put forward their proposals aimed at curbing negative processes, restoring and preserving the ecosystem, and protecting the environment. social, economic and other interests and rights of Mongolian nomadic livestock breeders in the current conditions, when a clear priority in the further development of the Mongolian economy is given primarily to the development of industry.

Choiraljav (China) made a presentation on the little-researched topic "Review of land lease agreements and housing in Huhoto monasteries".

V. V. Graivoronsky (Russia) in the report " Human Development in Buryatia (Russia), Mongolia and Inner Mongolia (China): main trends and indicators", based on the data of the UNDP reports on human development in Russia, Mongolia and China, made a comparative analysis of the main trends in human development in these countries and their regions for 1990-2010. In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the overall human development index (HDI) and its components, including the average life expectancy, the level of education of the population, and the average per capita GDP.The rating of these countries and their regions in the world HDI development rating is growing, and the gap between the indicators of Buryatia, Mongolia, and Inner Mongolia is narrowing.

Among the reports on contemporary political and political-anthropological topics should be noted: I. G. Ayusheeva (Russia) "Mongolia's Short XX Century: an external factor in the country's development in modern assessments", S. Battulga (Mongolia) "Interethnic relations in Mongolia in the 1990s on the example of Bayan-Ulgiy aimag", Maksuda S. Shiotani (Japan) " Mongolian women in search of ways of survival and development in the transition and post-transition period period", L. Chetyrova (Russia) "Cultural practices of modern Kalmyk youth: from traditions to neotraditionalism", etc.

Among the speeches on historical topics, we should mention the following reports: the famous Mongolian politician and scholar G. Ochirbat "The role of Jalkhanza-hutukhta Damdinbazar in the recognition of the power of the Mongolian state by the Western Mongols and in establishing order in Western Mongolia", M. Zolzayaa (Mongolia) " Moral values as a reflection of a new socio-political trend in Mongolia at the beginning of the XX century.", Lidu Yu and M. Gervers (Canada) "Ancient Chinese silks from excavations in Mongolia", Hitoshi Muraoka (Japan) "The emergence of cities on the Mongolian Plateau" , etc. In particular, the Japanese scientist spoke about the results of a new reading using modern digital technologies of inscriptions on an old geographical map (abbreviated mong. names. "Kon-itsu zurag"), which was compiled in Korea at the beginning of the XV century.and is preserved to this day in the library of Kyoto University. The report briefly described two Mongolian cities of Yang Ma Chuan and Chingai, which played an important role in trade between Mongolia, China and Central Asia.

Several reports on the ethnography and cultural anthropology of the Mongolian peoples were also presented at the sessions of the section: Mari Kazato (Japan) "On the unique technology of making felt in Mongolia", K. Kuita (Canada) "Circular dances in Mongolia: andai, Eohor and Tsam", V. Yu. Suzukey (Russia) " Actual problems of studying music Mongolian and Turkic peoples", J. Dolgorsuren (Mongolia) "Contribution of Russian scientists-Mongol scholars to the study of Mongolian culture and to the development of cultural studies in Mongolia" , etc.

Various aspects of the history of the development and study of traditional Tibetan-Mongolian medicine were discussed in the following reports: Lama scholar Z. Sanjdorj "On the study of traditional Mongolian medicine", N. D. Bolsokhoeva (Russia) "The contribution of Mongolian emchi (doctors) to the training of traditional Buryat doctors", K. Sabernig (Austria) "On the history of wall paintings in Russia". Lavransky Medical College", etc.

More than 50 reports were presented and discussed at the section "Foreign Relations and Diplomacy of Mongolia". Their problems were very diverse, covering both the distant past and the present.-

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historical past and present. According to the content of the reports, they can be divided into historical, cultural, and source studies.

We note the reports that most closely corresponded to the main profile of the section's work. These include the following reports: Ts Batbayara (Mongolia) "The problem of the" third neighbor "- a continuity in Mongolia's foreign policy", which traces the historical continuity of modern Mongolia in the development of relations with "third countries", in addition to Russia and China, since the beginning of the XX century; E. Narana (China) "Foreign policy of Mongolia and China". relations between neighboring countries", in which the author highly appreciated Mongolia's multi-vector policy as the basis of its foreign policy doctrine after 1994; S. Tsolmon (Mongolia) "Traditions and innovations in Mongolian diplomatic ceremonial and protocol", which also contains some recommendations for simplifying diplomatic protocol; Sharada Soni (India) " The importance of India in Mongolia's foreign Policy diplomacyD. Narana (China) "Mongolian Cultural Diplomacy: Face to Face with regional Cultural Powers", covering Mongolia's cultural ties with China, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the specifics of Mongolia's diplomacy in the field of cultural cooperation.

This group includes reports on the high performance of relations between Russia and Mongolia over the past 90 years (E. V. Boikova, Russia), on the exchange of human capital between the Republic of Korea and Mongolia (Park Ho Yong, ROK), on cooperation between Russia and Mongolia in the field of international politics (V. A. Rodionov, Russia), on the importance of Mongolian-Chinese economic cooperation for economic integration in the NEA (N. Tumur, Mongolia), on the features and trends in the development of relations between Russia and Mongolia in the field of science (T. K. Yusupova, Russia), etc.

Historical reports covered all periods of Mongolia's history, but most of them were devoted to the Middle Ages, especially the era of the Mongol Empire and the Yuan. Thus, B. Sumyaabaatar (Mongolia) spoke about the first diplomatic documents of the reign of Genghis Khan, dating back to 1218-1224, S. Tatar (Hungary) described the ways and roads along which the Mongols invaded Hungary, A. Kosavar (Hungary) showed what a great role Muslims played in the foreign policy relations of the Great Mongol Empire, Bethini Berge (USA) reviewed the legal legislation of the Mongol khans in China during the Yuan period (1260-1368), and Ushimo Yasuhiro (Japan) described the special position and religious activity of the Mongol Onguud tribe in the Mongol Empire, many of whose representatives professed Nestorian Christianity.

All the above-mentioned reports, as we can see, concerned individual, local aspects, but in general they shed new light on many important aspects of the specific history of the Mongol Empire.

Generalizing nature of the reports were: Mongolian philologist Ts. Shagdarsuren "Pax Mongolica or Pax Mongolorum" and two Russian orientalists A. V. Lushnikov "The Great Mongolian Empire as a matrix of Euro-Asian civilization" and A. S. Zheleznyakov "The Mongolian Empire and the Modern West (experience of comparative analysis of the poles of the world order)".

The former argued that both concepts, Pax Mongolica and Pax Mongolorum, were first introduced into scientific use in the 19th century. Kotvichem and in the light of the latest documentary data on their content indicate the desire of the Mongol khans to establish peace and quiet (enkh amgalan) within the empire and to develop good relations with the states of the West and East.

A.V. Lushnikov believes that the Eurasian civilization was formed on the basis of a creative symbiosis of nomadic and sedentary cultures that took place in the Mongol Empire, and that this requires continuing a comprehensive study of the inner life of the Mongols during this period. A. S. Zheleznyakov presented a very bold and original, but, in our opinion, somewhat speculative scheme of eight parallels, which, in appearance, proving the similarity of the history and current situation of the United States with the history of the Mongol Empire. In particular, he believes that the White House in Washington and the Khan's headquarters in Karakorum were equally the centers of Western and nomadic civilizations, and, accordingly, there is a complete civilizational similarity between the American Revolution of the XVIII century and the formation of the Khamag Mongol Ulus in the XIII century.

Reports on the new history of Mongolia were mainly devoted to religious topics: the biography of Dzonkhava (Elza Batira, Russia); the contribution of Tibetan lamas to the spread of Buddhism in Mongolia in the XVII-XVIII centuries (K. Teleki, Hungary); stories related to the Erdeni Dzu Monastery (Mamzukawa Takami, Japan) and others. He devoted his report to the study of early written evidence of the Oirats of the mid-17th century.

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There were few speeches on the recent history of Mongolia. Among them, we note the report of the Japanese researcher of Mongolian origin Husel Borjigin " Relations between the MNR and Inner Mongolia in 1945-1947." For details of the history of unsuccessful attempts of Inner Mongolia to unite with the MNR, the speaker recommended referring to his monograph "The Policy of the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang in relation to Inner Mongolia".

The reports of L. Haisandai (MNR) "Mongolia's Geopolitics: Aspects of economic security and development" and B. V. Bazarov (Russia) "Trans-borders of Russia and Mongolia in the context of the East Asian economic Recovery", as well as Song Wu Yui (ROK) "Development and multilateral cultural cooperation in East Asia"aroused great interest.

In all the speeches, topical issues of our time were considered: ensuring the security of Mongolia in the context of developing integration processes in the NEA, the place and role of cross-border cooperation between Russia and Mongolia, in particular the role of Buryatia in these processes, the importance of strengthening cultural ties for the progressive development of the countries of the region.

The Polish scholar S. Shinkiewicz reported on Mongolia's cross - cultural relations with neighboring countries, M. Santaro (France) on the ancient and widespread musical instrument "tsur" - a kind of flute-in Eurasia since the Xiongnu period, and Kimura Ayako (Japan) - on the differences in the nature and ceremony of religious representation of Tsam in monasteries in Mongolia, Bhutan and Tibet.

A.D. Tsendina (Russia) "Indian legends about King Kriking in the literary tradition of Northern Mongolia", I. V. Kulganek (Russia) "Mongolian aphoristic poetry about Buddhism", E. Omakaeva (Russia) "Mongolistics and Oiratology in Russia at the present time and 100 years ago", etc. presented their reports on philological topics.

In general, the topic of the section reports was so broad and diverse that, as we can see, it even went beyond the main topic.

The final plenary session and closing ceremony of the congress were held at the D. Natsagdorj State Drama Theater. It also held elections for the President and Secretary General of the International Association of Mongolian Studies. Klaus Zagaster, a well-known German Mongol scholar, became the President, and D. Tumurtogoo, a prominent Mongolian scholar, became the General Secretary. Former Presidents Sh. Ozawa (Japan) and IAM General Secretary akad. Sh. Bira (MNR) were elected Honorary Presidents of IAM. The updated composition of the governing bodies of the IAM: the Presidium, the secretariat and the Advisory Board, presented by the IAM secretariat, was also approved.

After the official closing of the congress, a large folk art concert was held. An informative and interesting cultural program was organized for the participants of the congress: visit to the Museum of National History, the monumental complex of Genghis Khan, the tourist base "SIGI" in a picturesque place near the Taralj campsite. The delegates also attended the opening of a remarkable exhibition of N. K. Roerich's paintings at the Zanabazar Museum of Fine Arts, organized by the efforts of Academician Sh. Bira and his Russian colleagues. Bira also dedicated his book "The Mongolian Ideology of Tengarism" to the Congress - the fruit of many years of research on the ideological basis of the Great Mongolian Empire.

In general, the Xth International Congress of Mongolia has become a major event in the world of Mongolistics, as well as an important event in the socio-political, cultural and scientific life of Mongolia. His work was widely covered in the media and received high praise.

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