An insidious illness interrupted the life and creative path of Boris Dmitrievich Kochnev, an outstanding specialist in archeology and numismatics of medieval Central Asia, at the highest take - off. He died on March 3, 2002, at the Rambam Hospital in Haifa, Israel, after a year of desperate struggle with a painful and merciless illness. Until the very last day, overcoming pain and weakness, Boris Dmitrievich continued to work on the monograph "Numismatic History of the Karakhanid Khaganate (991 - 1209)", and only after putting the last point in the main work of his life, he allowed himself to leave forever.

B. D. Kochnev was born on October 30, 1940 in Kostino, Moscow region. Boris spent his school years in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Frunze (now Bishkek), where his father, a well-known journalist at that time, D. D. Kochnev, was accredited. Rich in antiquities, the Kyrgyz land literally charmed the inquisitive young man, setting him on a career path for the rest of his life. After graduating from school in 1958, Boris entered the History Department of KirGU, but the level and scope of knowledge gained here did not satisfy him, and soon he was transferred to the Department of Archaeology of Central Asia of Tashkent State University, which was headed by the then famous Professor M. E. Masson. After completing the faculty and postgraduate studies, Boris returns to Frunze, where for several years he works as a scientific secretary of the Republican Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments and Deputy Director of the State Historical Museum of the Kyrgyz SSR.

Having successfully defended his PhD thesis in 1971 on the topic "Musallas of Central Asia and their place in the historical topography of the feudal city", B. D. Kochnev moved to Samarkand; since then, and almost until his last days, his life and scientific activities have been connected with the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. He actively participates in archaeological expeditions, surveys and excavations of monuments of the Bukhara, Samarkand and Kashkadarya regions, and does a lot of work as part of the author's team to prepare a Set of archaeological monuments of the Karshi oasis. He is credited with the professional identification of several medieval historical sites known from written sources, in particular the villages of Afarun and Bashtan, with the preserved ancient settlements.

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Boris Dmitrievich's extensive knowledge, high internal discipline and fieldwork skills promised him a brilliant archaeological career. However, he soon realized that, despite the great interest and undoubted success, "pure" archeology is not his vocation. Once again, as he held the green circles of ancient coins with mysterious Kufic inscriptions in his hands, he suddenly felt that from that moment on, his fate was firmly and forever intersected with one of the most complex and intricate branches of Eastern numismatics - coin production, monetary circulation and the political history of the Karakhanid state.

As fate would have it, the sudden passion for new and unknown material developed over the years into the "aerobatics" of a world-class professional, and our generally rather meager knowledge of this dynasty, of which there are almost no traditional written monuments, was largely due to Boris Dmitrievich's many years of painstaking analytical work. it is quite comparable to the long and well-developed historical studies of many other Asian states of the Middle Ages and modern times. It was his works that served as an irrefutable proof that, in relation to pre-Mongol Central Asia, the numismatic fund should be considered not just an "auxiliary historical discipline", as it was persistently proposed in Soviet times, but a full-fledged fundamental historical source, in terms of information content not only comparable to traditional written monuments, but in this case far superior to them. And it is all the more surprising and admirable that Boris Dmitrievich managed to reach such heights in science, which requires deep special knowledge in classical Arabic, Turkic languages, and medieval Oriental writing, without having a basic Oriental studies education and having mastered all these most complex matters only thanks to his research talent, unparalleled perseverance and hard work. Therefore, the defense of his doctoral dissertation "Karakhanid coins: source studies and Historical research" at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1993 was a "solemn formality" for him, which only emphasized the high status of a world-famous scientist, which by that time he already undoubtedly possessed.

From his prolific pen, more than 180 scientific articles, publications and abstracts were published, as well as about 200 popular scientific notes in the periodical press. A dozen more of his works, which have already been published or will soon be published by publishers in different countries, including the completed monograph, will never be published again.

The amazing scientific productivity and numerous discoveries made by B. D. Kochnev in his chosen field of knowledge, of course, could not go unnoticed by the international scientific community, and in 1994 the French Academy of Sciences awarded him the prestigious im. Drouin.

Perhaps these words of good memory about a friend and colleague will seem somewhat exaggerated, creating a certain image of a unique specialist, who has no equal in his industry. Of course, this is not entirely true. Boris Dmitrievich always stressed that his high qualification as an archaeologist and numismatist was largely due to Academician M. E. Masson, whom he referred to as "my unforgettable teacher". It is difficult to overestimate the role that Professor E. A. Davidovich played in its formation - a guiding star for a galaxy of Russian numismatists, a permanent mentor and a strict but fair critic of all our mistakes and "twists". Finally, the scientific path of B. D. Kochnev would hardly have been so successful without constant healthy competition with M. N. Fedorov, also a student of M. E. Masson, whose no less abundant but largely controversial scientific products in the field of Karakhanid numismatics always served Boris Dmitrievich as a "dope" for continuous scientific growth and self-improvement.

In the eyes of his friends and colleagues who knew him intimately, Boris was and will always remain a Grandmaster, whose scientific biography took place in full. But he was also a lively person-intelligent, open, noble, always friendly and sympathetic, a true friend to his friends. He was no stranger to the simple joys of life: a loving husband and caring father, a tireless traveler who especially liked to wander through the mountains, a cheerful storyteller and a grateful listener, a connoisseur of subtle humor, who skillfully combined a sparkling feast with surprisingly deep philosophical discourses-this is how Boris will remain in the memory of those who were lucky enough to meet him on the path of life and be his friends, and who now not enough...

V. N. NASTICH

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MAIN SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF B. D. KOCHNEV

MAIN SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF B. D. KOCHNEV ^*

Musalla of medieval Merv / / Materials of the scientific conference of TASHSU postgraduates. Humanities. Tashkent, 1966. pp. 50-52.

Novye dannye o mashiki-namazgakhe Nisa [New data on the mosque-namazgakhe Nisa]. Izv. AN TurkmSSR. Ser. obshchestv, nauk. 1968. N 4. pp. 26-31.

Dva klada karakhanidskikh dirhams sredni XI v. iz Kirghizii [Two treasures of Karakhanid dirhams from the middle of the XI century from Kyrgyzstan]. Numizmatika i epigrafika [Numismatics and Epigraphy], vol. XI, 1974, pp. 179-195 (together with M. N. Fedorov).

On the peculiarities of silver circulation in Central Asia of the 17th century / / Societies, Sciences in Uzbekistan (hereinafter-ONU). 1974. N 6. Pp. 53-56.

K istorii denezhnogo obrazheniya v Srednoi Azii v XI-XII vv. [On the history of monetary circulation in Central Asia in the XI - XII centuries]. Issue No. 12. Tashkent, 1975, pp. 170-175.

Afrasiab. Issue 4. Tashkent, 1975. - Author: Finds of coins of the late X-early XIII century on Afrasiab. pp. 69-76 (together with T. S. Yernazarova); Brick tomb of the XI century from the ancient settlement of Afrasiab. pp. 123-127.

Medieval suburban places of worship in Central Asia. Tashkent, 1976. 84 p.

Materials on the history of trade and money circulation in Samarkand in the IX-X centuries. Issue No. 13. Tashkent, 1977, pp. 131-154 (co-authored with T. S. Yernazarova).

Tangalar utmish darakchilari (Numismatics-a ray into the past of Uzbekistan). Tashkent, 1977. 36 p. (together with T. S. Yernazarova) - In Uzbek.

Notes on Medieval numismatics of Central Asia, Part 1. IMCU. Issue No. 14. Tashkent, 1978, pp. 120-131.

Coin finds from Kendyktepe / / Antiquities of Tuyabuguz. Tashkent, 1978. pp. 121-156 (together with T. S. Yernazarova).

K identifikatsii nekotorykh rannekarakhanidskikh titlov i lakabov [On the identification of some Early Karakhanid titles and Lakabs]. Ashkhabad, 1978, pp. 220-225.

IMCU. Issue 15. Tashkent, 1979. - Notes on medieval numismatics of Central Asia. Part 2. pp. 120-138; Ancient Karakhanid coins. pp. 142-152 (together with T. S. Yernazarova). Kok-Gumbaz. Tashkent, 1979. 18 s.

Shash (Chach) and Ilak under the Karakhanids (according to numismatic data) / / Ancient and medieval culture of Chach. Tashkent, 1979. pp. 110-166.

Notes on medieval numismatics of Central Asia, Part 3 / / IMCU. Issue No. 16. Tashkent, 1981, pp. 71-87.

IMCU. Issue No. 17. Tashkent, 1982. - Notes on medieval numismatics of Central Asia. Part 4. pp. 152-169; Coins with the name of Samanid Yahya B. Asad. pp. 190-198 (together with I. G. Dobrovolsky).

Notes on medieval numismatics of Central Asia, Part 5 / / IMCU. Issue 18. Tashkent, 1983. pp. 210-223.

Karakhanid coinage of Parab (Otrar) // Medieval urban culture of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata, 1983, pp. 109-120.

New numismatic data on the history of the Karakhanids in the second half of the 12th-early 13th centuries. Frunze, 1983. pp. 75-103.

On the methodology of research of early Qarakhanid coins as a historical source // Source studies and Textology of the medieval Near and Middle East, Moscow, 1984, pp. 109-123.

IMCU. Issue 19. Tashkent, 1984. - Notes on medieval numismatics of Central Asia. Ch. 6. p. 185-205; Novy klad mednykh monetov XV v. p. 238-265 (sovm. s L. Yu.Shpeneva).

Novye dannye po genealogii i khronologii Karakhanidov [New data on the genealogy and chronology of the Karakhanids]. Tashkent, 1984, pp. 367-377.

Numismatic materials for characterizing the relationship between the Karakhanids and the Bukhara Sadrs / / Clergy and political life in the Near and Middle East, Moscow, 1985, pp. 104-111.

Karakhanid coinage of Naukat / / ONU. 1985. N 2. pp. 55-59.

^* Compiled by V. N. Nastich.

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Begtuzun-Karakhanid viceroy of Khojend / / Izv. AN TADZHSSR. Department of Societies and Sciences, 1985, No. 2, pp. 17-19.

Notes on medieval numismatics of Central Asia, Part 7 / / IMCU. Issue 20. Tashkent, 1986. pp. 125-136.

Turki in the specific system of Samanid Ferghana (X century) / / Materials on the ethnic history of the population of Central Asia. Tashkent, 1986, pp. 67-75.

Budukhket - the new Karakhanid mint (XI century) / / Izv. AN KazSSR. Ser. societies. Nauk, 1986, No. 1, pp. 49-54.

Notes on medieval numismatics of Central Asia. Part 8. / / IMCU. Issue 21. Tashkent, 1987, pp. 156-171.

Karakhanid coinage / / Past of Central Asia. Dushanbe, 1987. pp. 199-204. Epigraphy of the East. XXIV. L., 1988. - Togryl-khan and Togryl-tegin (Numismatic data on the history of the Eastern Karakhanids in the second half of the XI century), pp. 57-67; On the attribution of the Shah-Fazil mausoleum (epigraphic and numismatic data), pp. 68-77 (together with V. N. Nastich).

Notes on medieval numismatics of Central Asia, Part 9 / / IMCU. Issue No. 22. Tashkent, 1988, pp. 191-205.

Coins of Kharashket (Kharachket) / / ONU. 1988. N 6. pp. 48-51.

Questions of attribution of Early Qarakhanid coins // Eastern Historical Source Studies and Special Historical disciplines (hereinafter-VIISID). Issue 1. Moscow, 1989, pp. 255-267.

Hoard of Late Karakhanid dirhams from Termez / / Local History of Surkhandarya. Tashkent, 1989, pp. 77-85.

Coin minting of Kuz Ordu-Balasagun (XI century) / / Krasnaya Rechka i Burana. Frunze, 1989. pp. 144-158.

Notes on medieval numismatics of Central Asia, Part 10. Issue 24. Tashkent, 1990, pp. 207-214.

Hoard of coins of the Bukharkhudat type from Miankal / / Numismatics of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 1990, pp. 49-78.

Notes on medieval numismatics of Central Asia, Part 11. Issue No. 26. Tashkent, 1992, pp. 134-147.

The struggle of the Karakhanids Nasr B. Ali and Ahmad B. Ali in the illumination of handwritten and numismatic sources / / VIISID. Issue 2. Moscow, 1994. pp. 228-236.

Ustrushany Coin Coinage // Ancient Zaamin. Tashkent, 1994. pp. 64-73.

Srednevekovy Osh v svete numizmatiki [Medieval Osh in the light of numismatics]. Samarkand, 1994, pp. 53-58.

The Trade Relations of Eastern Turkestan and Central Asia in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries according to Numismatic Data // Silk Road Art and Archaeology, 3. Kamakura, 1994. P. 277-289.

On some methods of distinguishing the Central Asian fels of the pre-Mongol period / / VIISID. Issue 3. Moscow, 1995. pp. 280-286.

VIISID. Issue 4. Moscow, 1995. - Author: Set of inscriptions on Karakhanid coins: anthroponyms and titulature (part 1). pp. 201-276; To the attribution of the Southern Uzhend mausoleum (epigraphic and numismatic data). pp. 177-198 (together with V. N. Nastich).

K istorii Jenda XI-XII vv. [On the history of Jenda in the XI-XII centuries]. Izv. NAS Respubliki Kazakstan.Ser. obshchestv, nauk. 1995. N 4 (203). pp. 67-73.

Early Samanid specific fels of Ferghana //Coins and Medals, Moscow, 1996, pp. 180-191.

Monetnoe delo v gosudarstvo Amira Timur i Timuridov [Monetary affairs in the State of Amir Timur and Timurids]. ONU, 1996, No. 7-10, pp. 75-82.

Les Mongols et l'Asie centrale a travers les monnaies Shah Jahan figurant dans les tresors centre-asiatiques // Cahiers d'Asie centrale, N 1-2, Tachkent - Aix-en-Provence, 1996. P. 257-263.

The Last Period of Muslim Coin Minting in Central Asia (18th - early 20th century) // Muslim Culture in Russia and Central Asia from the 18th to the Early 20th Centuries. В., 1996. P. 431-444.

The Origins of the Karakhanids: a Reconsideration // Der Islam. Bd. 73. В. 1996. S. 352-357.

Arch of inscriptions on Karakhanid coins: anthroponyms and titulature (part 2) / / VIISID. Issue 5. Moscow, 1997, pp. 245-314.

The struggle of the Samanids and Karakhanids for Bukhara at the turn of the X-XI centuries / / ONU. 1997. N 9-11. p. 3-34.

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Bukhara from the Caliphate to the Sheibanids / / Bukhara-the Pearl of the East. Tashkent, 1997. pp. 92-95.

Du Califat aux Cheibanides // Boukhara la perle de 1'Orient. Tachkent, 1997. P. 110-117.

Les relations entre Astarkhanides, khans kazakhs et Arabshahides (demieres donnees numisma-tiques) // Cahiers d'Asie Centrale, N 3-4. Tachkent - Aix-en-Provence, 1997. P. 157-167.

Initial stage of Seljukid coinage // Coin. International Numismatic Almanac. Issue 5. Vologda, 1998, pp. 5-15.

Histoire de Ali Tegin, souverain qarakhanide de Boukhara (XI-e siecle), vue a travers les monnaies // Cahiers d'Asie Centrale, nos. 5-6. Tachkent - Aix-en-Provence, 1998. P. 19-36.

Festmoscheen und Feste in Mittelasien vom 18. bis zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts // Muslim Culture in Russia and Central Asia from the 18th to the Early 20th Century. Vol. 2. V., 1998. P. 561-593.

Minting of Cuba / / IMCU. Issue 30. Tashkent, 1999, pp. 246-255.

Central Asian Kufic fels with the image of a horse / / Numismatics of Central Asia. Issue IV. Tashkent, 1999, pp. 42-56.

Felsy Termez 346/957-958 gg. tyurkskogo amir Kuttegina / / Uzbekistan tarixi. 1999. N 2. pp. 53-57 (together with E. V. Rtveladze).

Peculiarities in the Circulation of Late Qarakhanid Coins (Second Half of the 12th - early 13th Centuries A.D.) // Materiaux pour l'histoire economique du monde iranien (Studia Iranica. Cahier 21). P., 1999. P. 169-178.

Batch of coins from a hoard containing 11th-century Saganian dirhams // Antiquities of the Volga region and other regions. Issue II (Numismatic collection, vol. 1). Novgorod. 2000. pp. 229-244.

On localization of pre-Mongolian mints of Ferghana / / Osh and Ferghana in historical perspective. Bishkek, 2000, pp. 77-78.

Munzen des Rebellen Husain b. 'Abd ar-Rahman in Samarkand (12. Jahrhundert) // XII Intemation-aler Numismatischer Kongress (Berlin, 1997). Akten-Proceedings-Actes. Bd. P. V., 2000. S. 1275-1278.

Rare Samanid coin / / Numismatics in the Historical Museum. [Numismatic collection of GIM, part XIV]. Moscow, 2001, pp. 101-107.

Karakhanid Kaganate // Essays on the history of statehood of Uzbekistan. Tashkent, 2001, pp. 65-84.

Termez in the eighth and early thirteenth centuries: Major historical events // Termez. Ancient and new city at the crossroads of roads. Tashkent, 2001, pp. 25-32.

The final stage of the numismatic history of Karakhanid Muhammad b. Nasr / / Numismatics of Central Asia. Issue V. Tashkent, 2001, pp. 63-75.

Transoxiana on the eve of the creation of the Western Karakhanid Khaganate (in the light of numismatics) / / Uzbekiston moddi madaniyati tarikhi [IMCU]. Issue 31. Samarkand, 2001. pp. 178-203.

Muslim coin finds // Uzbekistanonda archeologik tadaiotlar-2000 yil / Archaeological Research in Uzbekistan-2000 / Archaeological Research in Uzbekistan. Season 2000. Samarkand, 2001, pp. 89-95.

Etudes Karakhanides (Cahiers d'Asie Centrale 9). Tachkent - Aix- en-Provence, 2001. - Les fron-tieres du royaume des Karakhanides. P. 41-48; La chronologie et la genealogie des Karakhanides du point de vue de la numismatique. P. 49-75.

Les monnaies de Muqanna' // Studia Iranica. T. 30. Fasc. 1. P., 2001. P. 143-150.

Who was the winner of Buka-Budracha: from the history of the Karakhanids. Department of Russian Archeology. about-va. New Series, vol. I (XXVI), St. Petersburg, 2002, pp. 171-180.

Archaeological research in Uzbekistan-2001. Tashkent, 2002. - Author: New finds of Muslim coins, pp. 86-91; Vankat-new Ferghana Mint, pp. 92-95.

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