On March 22-24, 2011, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences hosted the conference " Foreign East and Modernity: 30 Years Later. In memory of G. F. Kim", organized by the Center for Studies of General Problems of the Modern East (CIOPSV) IV RAS. Employees of several departments of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, IMEMO RAS, Institute of Africa of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. S. Likhachev Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage, RSUH, Moscow State University, Tashkent Institute of Oriental Studies, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation took part in its work.

The three - volume collective monograph "The Foreign East and Modernity" (1980 - 1981) became the fruit of the creative efforts of the collective under the leadership of the outstanding Russian orientalist, public figure G. F. Kim (1924-1989). The State Prize-winning three-volume book was prepared by a team of authors, including scientists whose works were included in the golden fund of Russian Oriental studies. These are L. R. Gordon-Polonskaya, M. A. Drobyshev (Alexandrov), G. F. Kim, V. I. Kornev, A. I. Levkovsky, V. F. Li, L. I. Reisner, B. G. Sapozhnikov, G. K. Shirokov who have passed away from us; these are also the now actively working Yu. G. Alexandrov, R. G. Landa, V. V. Shirokov. G. Rastiannikov, N. A. Simoniya, and others.

In the three decades that have passed since the publication of the collective monograph, great changes have taken place in the world, cardinal changes in our country. Some terms of the 1980s, such as "liberated countries", fell out of use, others emerged, such as "emerging markets", and the term "transition countries" has a completely different meaning today. Some of the problems that were relevant in the 1980s have faded into oblivion, such as the problems of socialist orientation, the vanguard role of the working class, and cooperation between the countries of socialism and the liberated countries. Others have also taken on a new meaning. Thus, an entire chapter in the three-volume book was devoted to analyzing the impact of Maoism on developing countries: there is no Maoism as an exported ideology, but the activities of Chinese corporations abroad have come to the fore, not only in Asia, but also in Africa and developed countries.

The conference participants were asked to discuss the changes that have taken place in a number of processes and phenomena considered in the work over the past 30 years, and to track how approaches to problems that remain relevant have changed.

The conference was opened by the Deputy Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences V. Ya. Belokrenitsky, who highly appreciated the contribution of G. F. Kim to the national Oriental science. The opening speech was delivered by the head of CIOPSV S. A. Panarin. M. Kim read out the conference greeting from the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation. Yu.V. Vanin, A.V. Vorontsov, L. F. Pakhomova, Professor of the Moscow State Open University V. A. Ten, Professor of the Altai State Pedagogical Academy (Barnaul) V. S. Boyko, I. M. Kim, G. F. Kim's niece made memoirs about G. F. Kim. They talked about G. F. Kim - a prominent scientist, a great organizer of the scientific process, a public figure and a wonderful person. Much has been said about G. F. Kim's active participation in the work of the Soviet Committee of Solidarity with Asian and African Countries, and his participation in the establishment of diplomatic relations between the USSR and the Republic of Korea. They also spoke about the difficult moments in the life of G. F. Kim, who headed the Institute for World Economy and International Relations two years after E. M. Primakov left, but was never confirmed in this post by"decision-making organizations".

Key presentations at the plenary sessions were made by the authors of the corresponding sections in the three-volume book of the 1980s-prominent Russian orientalists V. G. Rastyannikov

(agricultural problems), R. G. Landa (social stratification in Eastern countries), V. G. Khoros (IMEMO RAS) (center-periphery model), Yu.G. Aleksandrov (catch-up industrialization and innovative development of Eastern and Russian countries). The well-known geographer D. N. Zamyatin made a report "Metageographic axes of Eurasia"that attracted everyone's attention.

A large section was devoted to the problems of agricultural development and agrarian relations in the East in the three-volume book. V. G. Rastyannikov made a report " Demographic pressure and economic growth in the agricultural sector of densely populated Asian countries. Legacy of the XX century". He noted that India has shown a phenomenal rate of economic growth in recent decades. It has become a powerful power in the computer world. But at the same time, India has developed a huge (in terms of the number of employed people) sphere of economic activity - agricultural, where the growth vector is deployed in the opposite direction from the national trend. According to the speaker, modern India is experiencing an acute crisis, the essence of which is that the natural population growth is excessively high in relation to the available natural resources of the agrosphere. In fact, we are talking about the irreversible separation of parts of the system of productive forces in the agricultural sector.

Excessive demographic pressure causes progressive marginalization of agriculture. There is a growing trend towards the transformation of the primary sector into a stagnant sector of the national economy with fading impulses for independent development.

If earlier (in the time of T. Malthus, and much later) the lack of cultivated land could be compensated by realizing the real possibilities of expanding extensive production to empty lands that were brought into cultivation, now that the resource sources are exhausted, this lack cannot be compensated except by increasing the activation of the R & D sector, which can provide high-yielding crops. the material and necessary "package" of technologies for the manufacturing sector of agriculture. Or, to put it another way, the critical node of growth in the agricultural sphere has now shifted from the problem of developing free land to the problem of introducing into the production process in agriculture the results of the development of the "knowledge economy" - the spiritual elements of the productive forces that have become a determinant of the latter's system in the modern era.

I. V. Deryugina's report "The role of institutions in the agricultural economy of Eastern countries on the example of Kazakhstan" was also devoted to agricultural problems. She noted that the evolution of Kazakhstan's agriculture since the end of the XIX century can be divided into four stages. The first stage can be limited to the end of the XIX century-the 20s of the XX century. There were practically no traditional institutions characteristic of agriculture in Kazakhstan, and the new institutional environment was formed on the basis of rules, laws, and customary law, which were brought with them by migrants from Central Russia. At the same time, pressure began on the formal institutions of nomadic economy. However, the informal institutions inherent in this economy did not free up space for the widespread spread of new institutions in the nomadic groups of the Kazakh population.

The second stage, since 1920, includes the formation of the" socialist mode of production " and the revolutionary dismantling of traditional institutions. It was during these years that the gap between the two sectors of agriculture (grain production/animal husbandry) was laid. The grain economy of Kazakhstan, which was integrated into the all-Union economy, began to show a relatively high growth rate. Livestock farms were forcibly transferred to a sedentary lifestyle. As a result, collectivization led to a sharp reduction in the number of livestock.

The internal intersectoral disparity between grain-producing and livestock farming began to increase from the mid-1950s, with the beginning of the third stage of agricultural evolution associated with the development of virgin land. Export-oriented large-scale agricultural production was created at one end of the agrosphere, while an attempt was made to form a livestock collective farm at the other, but on the basis of a pasture-driving system. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the fourth stage of the evolution of agricultural production has begun. But the intersectoral disparity was not only not eliminated, but also manifested itself more prominently.

A large section in the first volume of the three-volume "Foreign East and Modernity" was devoted to social and class relations in the East. The head of this section is R. G. Landa

(IB RAS) titled his speech at the plenary session of the conference "Specifics of the social stratification of Eastern Society". He stressed that once, in the era of the Crusades and the European Renaissance, the West took over the baton of historical leadership from the East. It seems that we are now seeing the reverse process of gradually moving the East to key positions so far in a number of indicators - in terms of GDP, in terms of its role in world trade and international economic relations, and even in the development of information and communication technologies.

Social changes, especially socio-cultural and socio-psychological ones, are especially difficult to achieve in any Eastern society, where, as a rule, the division into class communities on economic grounds and into estates on legal grounds was supplemented by a more fractional division into different strata and groups. Phenomena of social transitivity, heterogeneity, and duality are observed in all Eastern countries. The multiculturalism of Eastern society inevitably gives rise to its social diversity, and sometimes - within the same system of production and social relations.

The social structure of Eastern society is characterized by the prevalence of non-economic factors and non-economic categories over economically justified incentives and principles. And now for an Easterner, not only his place and role in the economy are important, but first of all his class (clan, tribal) and generally traditional affiliation, which determines both his economic function, lifestyle, position in society, and the presence (or absence)of a person of the East. appropriate prestige and benefits. Therefore, even in the course of migrations caused by economic reasons and, as a rule, undermining traditional ties, people cling to them and do not break with their class, community, clan institution, or community.

It has become common in the East to combine patriarchal-communal ethnic education (clan, tribe) with a confessional form of organization of its political life within a sect or religious brotherhood. This kind of phenomenon became especially frequent in the second half of the 20th century due to the general growth of religiosity in the East.

One of the sections of the three-volume book was devoted to the analysis of religions in the East. In the new century, these problems have acquired a different significance. Z. I. Levin (IB RAS) made a report "On the nature of Islamism". He noted that among the reasons for the radicalization of Islamism is a reaction to the ineffectiveness of finding a political solution to conflicts in the Islamic zone. Violence has become a means of solving political problems in the Muslim world. The military confrontation between non-Muslims and Muslims has become a school for educating tens of thousands of Muslim volunteers as committed radical Islamists, supporters of armed jihad - the "holy war". The crisis situation that has developed due to the combination of unique economic, political and socio-cultural phenomena at one time and in one place, reflected through the prism of the peculiarity of the religious component of the Muslim consciousness, has given rise to Islamism.

In the East, despite the religious nature of the mass consciousness, secularism was established. But the success of forced modernization in the age of globalization will not be able to overcome the archaism of the historically formed Eastern type of culture, the totality of the most diverse age-old traditions in the foreseeable future. The peoples of the East are already so emancipated that cultural, ethnic, and religious identity becomes for them a form of self-awareness, the main ideological construct of self-determination in the struggle against globalism under the auspices of the United States. Islamism is likely to remain in the arsenal of protest movements and political manipulators in the Muslim world for a long time. Although the number of active Islamists is relatively small, the masses of believers share the Islamists ' idea of the planetary power of Sharia. The tougher the challenges of the forces of internationalization and universalization of all aspects of life on the planet, the stronger the protest will be, including under Islamist slogans. But Islamism cannot become the ideology of mass movements.

The problems of urbanization, which occupy an important place among the social problems of the East, were discussed in the speech of Z. N. Galich (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) " The city and urbanization in the process of transition to modernity in the East: A historiographical view (1980-2010)". She noted that since the end of the XIX - beginning of the XX century, a special urban scientific literature has been formed, and in the 1920s an independent direction of humanitarian knowledge-the sociology of the city - was formed. Since the 1950s, urbanisation processes in the Afro-Pacific region have been actively studied.-

the Asian-Latin American world. The second stage in the analysis of urbanization in the East-1960-1970 - ies - a period of frustration due to the unsuccessful results of urbanization in the "third world"; re-evaluation and change of positive views on the functions of the city, its role in the transformation of developing countries into urban-industrial societies of the Western model. Modernizing schools were gradually replaced by the theory of dependence, within which the theory of "dependent urbanization" and the paradigms of "colonial city", "colonial society", and "colonial culture"emerged.

Third stage - 1980 - 2000-It was during this period that significant progress in industrialization and a radical "urban shift" occurred, which dramatically increased the number of urbanized (over 50% of urban residents in the country) and medium-urbanized (from 20 to 50% of urban residents) countries in the East. At this time, it became possible to create a balanced scientific method that already took into account all the negative and positive aspects of urbanization, an in-depth and detailed knowledge of the city itself and its problems, city formation in the past and present. There is a rejection of the Eurocentric approach to assessing the urbanization of the developing world. The article analyzes new urban processes, the emergence and development of a special category of cities - world/global, which are associated with the formation and success of the global economy.

A.V. Kiva (Institute of International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences) in his report "The role of Eastern countries in world development" noted that the growing role of Eastern countries in world development is most often associated with the rapid growth of China, and then India. But the countries of the East are dozens of states with several regional organizations. This is a large part of the currently living people on earth. China and India have maintained high GDP growth rates even during the global financial and economic crisis. China has three acute problems, which can be reduced to the formula: "land-water-air", but they were talked about in the world both in the 80s and in the 90s of the last century, which, however, did not prevent China from developing incredibly fast.*

Discussion of the problems of the development of the East continued at the meetings of the sections. The first section of the first volume of the three-volume book "Foreign East and Modernity", headed by the outstanding Russian orientalist A. I. Levkovsky (1924-1985), is devoted to the analysis of the economy of the Eastern countries. A number of chapters are continued by A.V. Akimov, V. N. Ulyakhin, N. N. Tsvetkova, A. I. Yakovlev, N. A. Doln, and L. F. Pakhomova at the section "Socio-economic and political problems of Eastern countries". Much attention was paid to changes in the economy of the Eastern countries, increasing their role in the global economy, demographic and environmental problems. Such topical issues as oil and the socio-economic development of the Eastern countries, foreign capital in the Eastern countries, and the phenomenon of China in the modern world were discussed in an important place.

A.V. Akimov (IB RAS) in his report "Demographic transition in the countries of the East: a retrospective and prospects" noted that the demographic transition is the spread of the modern regime of reproduction of the population with low mortality and birth rates. The second aspect of the demographic problem is the ratio of resources and population. Over the past 30 years, there have been significant changes in the demographic processes of Asian and North African countries. They can be summarized as follows::

1) Large population growth, but a reduction in its growth rate.

2) Improving the quality of life of the population, but maintaining a large number of hungry, poor and unskilled people.

3) One path of development has been established for all countries, including demographic transition, development of health care, education, and the formation of a Western-style consumer society. The development of industry, transport, and communication facilities turned out to be the same for the entire modern technical civilization. If in the 1960s and 1980s attempts were made to find a non-Western path of development, now they have come to naught.

4) Globalization and transfer of industry to developing countries. Despite the great achievements of robotics and electronics, a global trend has become clear-moving production to countries with cheaper labor.

5) Emigration, the formation of mass culture and consumer society in developing countries, but the preservation of cultural and civilizational identity. Two processes can be distinguished here: the influx of goods and services to the markets of Eastern countries from Western countries, the spread of Western standards of living, information globalization, the Internet, the arrival of Western TNCs. Another process is emigration to Western countries.

6) Global problems of life support. Along with the growing shortage of natural resources, especially land suitable for agriculture, there is a problem of fresh water.

One of the central places in the economic section of the three-volume book was occupied by the analysis of the role of the state in the economy, the public sector in the countries of the East. A. I. Levkovsky's idea of a multi-structured economy of the Eastern countries is a common thread in many speeches on economic and social issues. At the conference, V. N. Ulyakhin (Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences) reviewed the changed role of the state in the economy in his report "State and Market in the East". He stressed that in the evolution of trade policy and in the process of formation of the internal market in the East, two interrelated and mutually conditioned periods can be distinguished. During the first period (the middle of the 20th century, the first decades of independence), state capitalism was usually the engine of market development. Stimulating and regulating domestic trade met the objectives of a macroeconomic policy focused on accelerated growth, import-substituting industrialization, boosting export production, economic stabilization, and extensive development of the most important industries, especially the raw materials complex.

The second stage (late XX - early XXI centuries) coincides with the most powerful wave of scientific and technological progress, the deepening and intensification of globalization processes. The accelerating development of global capital, goods, labor, services, technology and information markets, and the expansion of the sphere of activity of transnational and international economic and financial structures and institutions have increasingly focused developing Asian countries on improving the quality of their products, increasing efficiency, productivity, capital, trade and knowledge intensity of production, on the diversity of markets and technologies. consumers.

One of the chapters of the economic section of the three-volume book was devoted to the analysis of the role of foreign capital in the East. N. N. Tsvetkova (Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences) made a report "Foreign capital in the countries of the East: 1980-2010". The last three decades are a period of development of globalization, in which TNCs play a leading role. In 1982, the book value of global foreign direct investment (FDI) was 5.3% of global GDP, in 1990-8.5%, in 2006 it reached 29.6% of world GDP.

Over the past three or four decades, the role of Eastern countries as host countries for foreign direct investment has dramatically increased. There have been significant changes in the sectoral structure of foreign investment in the Eastern countries. In the 1960s, the main areas of activity of foreign private capital were raw materials and import-substituting manufacturing industries. In the 1970s, TNCs ' investment activities in South, South-East and East Asia (SEEA) were primarily associated with the relocation of labor-intensive export-oriented industries from developed countries. This area remained important in the 1980s and 1990s. But there have been significant changes in the development of export production with the help of foreign private capital. The process of moving production facilities in Asia has affected a wider range of countries and has become multi-stage. Foreign investors were not only TNCs from developed countries, but also Asian TNCs and local branches of Western TNCs. Along with labor-intensive industries, TNCs have also been involved in moving energy-intensive, material-intensive, and environmentally damaging industries to developing Asian countries.

A new direction in the activities of TNCs in the 1990s - 2000s was their deployment in developing Asian countries of branches engaged in scientific research, departments engaged in providing post-industrial services, in particular, developing software for computers, scientific research and design developments in other areas. A new (or rather, well-forgotten old) trend in the activities of TNCs in developing countries at the beginning of the new century was the increasing importance of the extractive, and above all oil and gas, industries.

A new moment in the activity of foreign capital: Often, TNCs in Eastern countries are TNCs from Eastern countries. Over the past two or three decades, the role of developing countries, and mainly Asian countries, as capital exporters has been growing. The growing expansion of TNCs from Eastern countries is becoming noticeable not only in their own region or in countries with a corresponding diaspora, which was the beginning of their international activity.

activities, but also in other regions of the developing world, in particular in Africa and in developed countries.

The increasing role of Eastern countries in the global economy at the macro-economic level and the increasing role of firms from Eastern countries at the microeconomical level have led many experts to say that a new stage of globalization has begun in the "zero years", which is characterized by an increase in the role of countries with emerging markets, primarily China and India.

A. I. Yakovlev (IB RAS) in his report "The oil factor and the socio-economic development of the Arab East" compared the estimates made in the three-volume book (chapter on the oil factor) with the current estimates. The world community discovered the oil factor in October 1973. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, despite significant changes in the structure of global energy consumption, oil remains important, and nothing can completely replace it. More than 60% of the world's oil reserves and 40% of its gas reserves are concentrated in the Middle East. This circumstance forces the United States to maintain and strengthen its presence in the region in order to control the "world oil reservoir". It cannot be ruled out that after the "soft controlled collapse" of Iraq into three parts and the establishment of American control over the northern oil part, such a process will also be launched in Saudi Arabia: splitting the country into three or four independent states and establishing American control over the eastern "oil part" of Arabia.

The oil factor created the prerequisites for a complete modernization of the Arabian society according to the Western model. Many of the values and norms of Western culture were accepted and assimilated, but since they came into obvious conflict with traditional values and norms of life, a sharp conflict arose. Turning to tradition as a spiritual support during the transition period of radical modernization is not uncommon in Eastern countries, both poor and rich.

Of course, it was not the oil factor that gave rise to Islamic terrorism, but it created the prerequisites for its emergence and development. Thus, the oil factor has significantly helped the countries of the Arab East to modernize their economy and society, eliminate backwardness and form elements of modernity, and gain greater independence in the world economy and world politics. At the same time, it did not become an "Aladdin's lamp" that would radically change the nature of Arabian society and the nature of its relations with the West. The continued importance of the oil factor creates opportunities, on the one hand, for the further development of the Eastern countries, and on the other, for the brewing of national, regional and global conflicts.

The analysis of the role of the PRC (at that time it was about Maoism) was given a large place in the three-volume book. Now Maoism is a thing of the past, and the role of the PRC on the world stage has acquired new dimensions and outlines. It is no coincidence that two reports were devoted to this topic. E. S. Kulpin-Gubaidullin (IB RAS) made a report "The phenomenon of China in the modern world and prospects for Russia's development", in which he considered the problem of providing China with natural resources, in particular water.

T. L. Deitch (Institute of Africa of the Russian Academy of Sciences) made a presentation "Africa in the Chinese Strategy of the XXI century". In recent years, China has become the main "player" in African markets, entering into fierce competition with the United States and EU countries for African resources. A kind of phenomenon - a sharp increase in the flow of Chinese investment to African countries. In recent years, the slogan "raw materials in exchange for infrastructure"has been used in Chinese practice. China builds schools, hospitals, dams, highways. The China - Africa Cooperation Forum is an important tool for Beijing's influence in Africa. In November 2009, the fourth conference of the Forum was held in Sharm el-Sheikh (Egypt), where Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao announced "eight measures" to increase aid to Africa and announced a three-year plan for "strategic partnership in science, technology and higher education".

The question of the role of the army in the East was discussed separately in the three-volume section. It should be recalled that in the Department of General Problems there was then a group studying the role of the army, which was headed by General, Doctor of Historical Sciences B. G. Sapozhnikov. The role of the armed forces in the countries of the East was analyzed in V. M. Akhmedov's speech "The Middle East: Power, Religion, and the Army". In the Arab-Muslim states of the Middle East, in contrast to Western countries, the army continues to have a significant impact on many aspects of domestic and foreign policy of the state, the life of society.

Today, the governments of most countries in the region have actually recognized the existence of political Islam in their countries and are trying to adapt its moderate wing to the current state system (mainly in the social and intellectual sphere), while firmly countering any attempts by Islamists to invade political life. In fact, many regimes in the Arab-Muslim countries of the Middle East find themselves in a difficult situation today. They support Palestinian Hamas, Lebanese Hezbollah, and the Islamic resistance groups of Iraq and Afghanistan, but often carry out harsh reprisals against the Islamic (even "moderate") opposition within their own countries. The recently increased religiosity of many soldiers and officers may eventually cease to be their "private business" and give an impetus to the search for a new collective identity, turning them into allies of the Islamic opposition to the current government.

In the economic section of the three-volume book, one chapter is devoted to the typology of Eastern countries. N. A. Dlin (IB RAS) presented the report "Modern processes of formation of development models in transition (post-socialist) and developing countries". The section also included a presentation by L. F. Pakhomova (Institute of Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences) on environmental problems in Eastern countries. D. A. Nechitailo (Institute of Internal Affairs of the Russian Academy of Sciences) spoke on the topic "Al-Qaeda's allies in Afghanistan", V. S. Boyko (Alt.GPA) - "Power and Opposition in Afghanistan: Dynamics of political struggle", M. Y. Roshchin (IB RAS) - "South Ossetia: a year and a half after the war".

A separate section discussed the national and religious problems of the Eastern countries, the phenomenon of migration. In the three-volume book, one of the sections was devoted to the national question, primarily to the national liberation movement. Another section covered the problems of religion in the countries of the East, the religious situation in the main areas of the East. In recent decades, national and religious contradictions, or ethno-confessional factors, have come to the forefront. A peculiar situation has also developed in connection with the problem of the presence in Western countries of very large diasporas of immigrants from Eastern countries. It was the problem of immigration that was in the center of attention when analyzing ethnic and religious problems at the conference.

O. P. Bibikova's presentation "Arab immigration and immigration opportunities of the French society" was devoted to the relationship between the host society and Arab immigrants in France. The author of the report examines the problems that arise between the two communities through the prism of French ethnocentrism. In particular, in her opinion, there was no "religious" (Islamic) component in the events of autumn 2005, when immigrant youth began to rebel all over the country. The problem of acculturation of immigrants is also complicated by the fact that France is currently trying to review and rethink the results of the Franco-Algerian war (1954-1962) and the entire period of French presence in North Africa (since 1830).

R. M. Sharipova (IB RAS) emphasized the confessional factor in her report, analyzing the issue of the Muslim Ummah in the United States. According to her, today many organizations representing the interests of individual Muslim groups in the United States have achieved significant popularity, which to some extent has become a catalyst for disagreements between them on political issues. The large number of groups has created a favorable environment for the existence of a large number of interests and positions, which are sometimes directly opposite to each other. Common interests will arise only if the Muslims of the United States, regardless of their nationality, really realize themselves as a single community - the community of American Muslims. Otherwise, each individual ethnically homogeneous group will seek to lobby exclusively for its own interests.

The topic of the report by L. I. Kuprin (IB RAS) was "The Arab Diaspora in Argentina". He reviewed the various stages of the integration of Arab immigrants into Argentine society.

I. M. Mokhova (IB RAS) "The immigration factor in the modern understanding of French identity" and L. A. Birchanskaya (IB RAS) "Migrants from Central Asia in Russia"were also devoted to the problems of immigration. Ethnic contradictions are also expressed in economic contradictions. Thus, Nidal Chartouni (Beirut) presented the report "Israel's appropriation of Arab water resources".

V. A. Teng (Moscow State University) made a report "South Korean migration to the USA at the beginning of the XXI century". He noted that emigration from South Korea is decreasing. A significant aspect of the current migration processes in South Korea is the growing number of local highly qualified workers leaving the country. In the twenty-first century, compared to other immigrants, Korean male immigrants are more likely to work in information technology and other natural sciences, engineering, social and legal services, education, training, and communications.

The conference also focused on the situation of religious minorities in Eastern countries, missionary work and education of Christian churches in the East, and the religious situation in certain regions.

I. A. Vorobyova (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) presented her report on "Christian Missionary work and Enlightenment in the Middle East". Missionary work in the Middle East is not only a religious movement, but also an important factor in the foreign policy of European powers, and later the United States. The promotion of Catholicism and the expansion of the number of Catholic churches in the East remained the main goal of missionary work for the Vatican, but the main method of achieving it was not preaching, but the slow path - through education and medical care, the creation of higher educational institutions.

The first Russian ecclesiastical mission appeared in the Holy Land in the middle of the 19th century. Its main task was to preserve Orthodoxy in the Middle East and counter the propaganda of other churches. The Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society, which was founded in 1882, was engaged in cultural and educational activities.

S. B. Filatov's report "Buddhism in Buryatia: state and prospects" was prepared on the basis of the author's field research. Buddhism began to spread among the Buryat people from the beginning of the 17th century. Since then, two religious and ethnic groups have emerged - the eastern Buryats, who profess Buddhism and do not accept shamanism (or to a lesser extent accept it). both relatively rare converts to Christianity and Western Buryats, who mostly adhere to the symbiosis of shamanism and Buddhism (there are also "pure" shamanists) and more often convert to Christianity. SB. Filatov analyzed the history of Buddhism in Buryatia at various stages of historical development. The revival of Buddhist structures in Buryatia began in 1990. In 1992, the Central Spiritual Board of Buddhists (CDUB) received the status of an all-Russian religious organization, and in 1995 it was renamed the Traditional Buddhist Sangha of Russia. Many Buryats convert to Christian faiths-Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Protestantism. The long-standing interaction between Buryatia and Russia - the Russians 'interest in Buddhist wisdom and the Buryats' deep perception of European values - led to the formation of a kind of Eurasian synthesis. Buryatia, according to the Security Council. Filatova turned out to be the region of Russia where religious life is most consistent with European standards.

The International Relations section focused on the most pressing problems of international life - in such regions as the Middle East, Transcaucasia, the Indian Ocean, and Central Asia. U. Z. Sharipov (Institute of International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences) made a report on the topic "Energy Policy of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan". Presentations by G. G. Kosach (RSUH) and E. V. Shishkin (RSUH). With Melkumyan (IB RAS) we analyzed the political processes in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, I. I. Ivanova ( IB RAS) - Turkey's Middle East policy. A. B. Podtserob (IB RAS) made a report on "Russia and the political settlement process in the Middle East", N. B. Lebedev (IB RAS) - "The Indian Crisis". ocean: security and new forms of cooperation". A. M. Khazanov (IB RAS) gave a critical assessment of Russia's policy in Transcaucasia, D. A. Mileev (IB RAS) analyzed relations between Japan and Germany.

In conclusion, it was decided to publish a collection in memory of G. F. Kim, in which the first section will include memories of G. F. Kim, and the second section - articles on modern problems of development in the countries of the East.

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