Pangunahin na Pagkain ng Bagong Taon (‘Basyilyos Bysyert’): semiotika at ebolusyon ng ‘maanghang kutyi’

Ang pangunahing lugar sa istruktura ng pista sa Basyilyos Bysyert (nakaraan ng Bagong Taon, ika-13 ng Enero) ay ang obrang kainan, na kilala sa iba’t ibang pangalan: ‘maanghang’ o ‘scedro’ kutyi, ‘basyilyos kasha’, ‘kolivo’. Ito ay hindi lamang isang kulinar na pagkain, kundi isang malalim na semantiko at ritual na bagay, konsentrado ng kahulugan ng pista, ang kabilang-bahagi sa pagitan ng agrikultural na nakaraan at ang mga kasalukuyang praktika. Ang pag-aaral nito ay nagbibigay ng kapahayagan upang subaybayan ang ebolusyon ng pista mula sa magikong obrero sa kultural na tradisyon.

1. Etimolohiya at komposisyon: ritual na minimolismo at simbolikong kasaganaan.

Ang salitang ‘kutyi’ (greg. κουκκί – ‘bubung’, sa pamamagitan ng st.-slav. kuty) ay nagpapahiwatig ng pinakamatandang batayan – pinagluluto na butil. Sa una, ito ay maaaring maging lamang isang trigo, yachmen o timoteo, na pinasindot ng pulot. Sa Basyilyos Bysyert, ang kutyi ay nagiging ‘maanghang’ o ‘scedro’ dahil sa pagdagdag ng post (walang laman) na komponente, na nagpapahiwatig ng pagtatapos ng Rosh Hashanah at ang pagdating ng panahon ng kasaganaan:

Butil (trigo, mas maliit na yachmen, ris): Simbolo ng pagkabuhay, walang katapusan na likas na likas at kalikasan. Ang pinagluluto na butil ay metahora ng pagbabuhay ng araw pagkatapos ng tagginaw ng tag-init. Sa konteksto ng Bagong Taon – hiniling na ‘pagluluto’ ng kalidad sa darating na taon.

Mak, mani (karaniwan na pili): Simbolo ng kasaganaan, karamihan at kalikasan. Ang mak ay nakaka-ugnay sa kasaganaan (‘magpapababa na gaya ng mak’). Ang napagputol na anyo ng mak ay nagpapatibay ng semantiko ng ‘pagpaparami’.

Pulot o uzvar (vzvar, kompot mula sa pinatuyong sariwang prutas): Simbolo ng masayang, kasiyahan, kaligtasan at ‘masayahang’ buhay. Ang pulot bilang likas na konseryant – simbolo ng walang katapusan at walang lapag.

Skorom ng mga dagdag: (zabelka): Tanda ng kasaganaan at pagtatapos ng post. Sa ilang mga rehiyon, lalo na sa Ukraine at Belarus, idinagdag ang maliliit na napagputol na sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang sariwang 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