The XLI scientific conference "Society and the State in China", traditionally held by the China Department of the Institute of Political Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, was held on March 28-30, 2011. The conference was attended by 101 people from the Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Library of the Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg), the Institute of History, Ethnography and Archeology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok), the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, and CNRS (France). Representatives of the Chinese Embassy headed by Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People's Republic of China to the Russian Federation Li Hui, RGNF and publishing workers also participated in the presentation of new publications of the publishing house "Eastern Literature", which was held within the framework of the conference.

More than half of the conference participants were students, undergraduates and postgraduates, as well as teachers of higher education institutions: ISAA MSU, St. Petersburg.Russian State University (Faculty of Philosophy and Oriental Studies, Confucius Institute), Institute of Oriental Studies, Institute of Practical Oriental Studies, RUDN University, Lomonosov Moscow State University (Faculty of History), RSUH, HSE, MGI (U)Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Institute of Philosophy, Theology and History of St. Thomas, Kazan State University, Chelyabinsk State University, Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Institute of Tourism and International Economic Relations (St. Petersburg), P. Stradyn University of Riga, Peking University, Chenggong University (Tainan), MGK im. P. I. Tchaikovsky and the J. Vitol Music Academy (Latvia). In total, more than 50 reports were read.

According to the established tradition, a collection of articles was published for the conference [XLI scientific conference..., 2011], which included 65 materials with a total volume of 42.5 pp.

The conference opened with an introductory speech by A. A. Bokschanin (IB RAS).

Yu. V. Chudodeev (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) in his report "Modern Chinese historians on some problems of Soviet-Chinese and Russian-Chinese relations" gave assessments of the main bilateral treaties.

The report of V. Ya. Portyakov (IDV RAS) was devoted to the analysis of partnership as one of the leading instruments of China's foreign policy at the present stage. The main goals and principles of the Chinese partnership policy were traced, specific formulas of partnership relations of the PRC with various countries and associations (EU, ASEAN), their evolution and hierarchy were considered.

A. R. Vyatkin (IB RAS) made a presentation on the topic "Intellectual foundations of the Chinese 'Economic Miracle'". Translation and analysis of traditional written sources of the 3rd-1st centuries BC, as well as paleographic finds of archaeologists, suggests that Chinese society as a whole reached a high level of market development by the beginning of the creation of the first centralized empires, and its intellectual layers also achieved unique success in understanding and postulating progressive market ideas. Cyclical development of Chinese civilization (consolidation and flourishing - collapse and degradation-new consolidation and new flourishing) it did not completely destroy market psychology. The outstanding economic success of the PRC in the last 30 years is an organic result of the development of those economic ideas that emerged in the 1st millennium BC.

O. V. Zotov's report" The Black Center "of Eurasia, or" the ford in boiling water "(East Turkestan as the epicenter of global geopolitics) was devoted to East Turkestan as a key region of Central Asia, which has a huge impact on the history and politics of the surrounding states. The thesis was traced in a long historical perspective.

The peaceful annexation of East Turkestan (the area from Altai to Tibet) to Mongolia laid a solid foundation for the Mongol Empire in the 13th century. It was historically natural and was prepared by more than a thousand years of symbiosis of the region's population with the nomads of Eurasia. On the contrary, joining Qing China was more of an accident. The crisis in Xinjiang is so deep and multifaceted that the Chinese leadership recognizes the Uighur resistance in East Turkestan as the main threat to China's stability.

I. V. Belaya (Kursk) in the report "On the development of the tradition of "women's alchemy" (nu dan) in the Jing'aishan Mountains" spoke about the study of the Taoist tradition of "women's alchemy", which developed in the XVIII-XIX centuries in the Jing'aishan Mountains in the framework of the Longmen school. It was there that the first works devoted entirely to the practices of "female inner alchemy" (nu gong nei dan) were published. Special attention is paid to the complex of exercises related to" harnessing "(duan) and" beheading "(Zhang) of the" red dragon "(chi lun) and the practice of" improving the paired principles " (shuang xiu) as key methods of female self-improvement. The report examined examples of female asceticism in the vicinity of the Jingaishan Mountains and local cults of Daoist saints associated with the tradition of"female alchemy".

T. I. Vinogradova (BAN, St. Petersburg) in the message "A view from the digital age on the transition from woodcut to lithography" spoke about the period of changing the main text carrier and the method of printing. At the moment, she noted, we are afraid for the fate of the paper book, and in the history of China, media changes have occurred more than once. A sharp public discussion was accompanied by the transition to Western printing technologies, when at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries woodcuts were replaced by lithography, and especially when woodcuts were introduced, which led to the rejection of handwritten books.

In her report, A. A. Sergeeva (ISAA MSU) highlighted the main stages in the political line of the Chinese leadership, which are clearly traced, related to the domestic and foreign policy of the People's Republic of China in relation to the Chinese diaspora. The author emphasized that at the present stage, the Chinese diaspora is not only actively attracted to invest in China, but is also used as a "soft power" and is quite successfully integrated into the modern Chinese concept of a "harmonious society".

R. M. Ziganshin (YVES RAS) spoke of" non-action " (wu wei) primarily as a principle of non-violation of the natural state of things, which a wise ruler should follow. This is also the main principle of state-building: first, as the highest state of action and, secondly, as the ultimate goal and the highest ideal, and not only among Taoists, but also among Confucians and Legists.

M. Y. Ulyanova (RUDN University) in her report "Advertising in the People's Republic of China: a mirror of traditions" based on the conducted studies of television advertising in the People's Republic of China for the period 2007-2008 made a brief analysis of the institute of advertising as an integral part of everyday life of modern society, affecting the socio-cultural formation of the individual, as well as playing a certain role in culture (for example, the use of elements of folk shadow theater, paper applications, images of heroes of folk tales, etc. in advertising is noted).

A. I. Smirnov (IDV RAS) spoke about the problems of democratization in the context of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Deng Xiaoping first raised the urgent need to reform the political system in August 1980, but after the events of 1989, he also demanded decisive action to maintain political stability. Despite the widespread discussion of democracy issues in academic and public circles, the CCP did not accept the principle of "constitutional rule" proposed by various opposition forces, fearing the threat of a repeat of the fate of the CPSU.

E. N. Stepanova (IDV RAS) in her report "Democratizing Taiwan and addressing the problem of protecting women's rights" emphasized that it is working at an enterprise that primarily provides many women with a socialization process. The Government's measures in Taiwan to improve gender equality and women's representation in elected institutions contribute to changing traditional attitudes, especially among young people, which in the future may have an impact on the domestic political situation in Taiwan, and thus indirectly on the state of inter-bank relations.

E. A. Sinetskaya (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) gave an example of the influence of Western literature on the life of Chinese society, drawn from Dai Sijie's novel "Balzac and the Chinese Dressmaker" (published in Paris

Dai Sijie, who himself spent a long time on "labor re-education" in a mountain village, tells about two young people who, under extraordinary circumstances, became owners of a suitcase of books by classics of Western literature in excellent translations into Russian, about their shock from reading, which turned the mind and the soul of them and some of the villagers.

Z. D. Katkova (Institute of Medicine of the Russian Academy of Sciences) spoke about the role of Chinese diplomat Gu Weijun in the creation of the League of Nations. A. N. Khokhlov (Institute of Medicine of the Russian Academy of Sciences) spoke about the most severe plague epidemic in Harbin in 1910-1911. medicine was not justified.

The meeting on March 29 began with the report of E. S. Anikushina (IVKA RSUH) "On the internal structure of the Shan polity: on the problem of the heterogeneity of the Shan house", in which she drew the attention of the audience that at the moment archaeologists have accumulated a very large and representative material on the central regions of the Shan state ("Anyang agrarian hearth"), which allows us to We can assume that this state, despite its small territory, was heterogeneous. The analysis of funerary rites and ceramics allows us to identify several dozen different variations of the Shan culture, which have a lot in common, but differ in details. All this suggests that the Shan polity was characterized by a number of characteristics of the nome state, and the degree of its unification and political centralization was probably less than is generally assumed, based on written sources.

The report sparked a discussion. Its participants concluded that it was generally interesting, although the proposed conclusions, due to their importance for historical science and novelty, require additional confirmation; it was also generally agreed that, apparently, the cultural influence of the Shan covered much larger territories than the political influence, and this should not be underestimated.

The report of M. E. Kuznetsova-Fetisova (IB RAS) was devoted to new discoveries in Yinxue, on the site of the last Shan capital. Despite the fact that this area has been actively explored by archaeologists for more than 80 years, it is difficult to call it thoroughly studied. The speaker drew attention to the poorly preserved remains of the city walls, recently discovered in the north-eastern corner of the excavation area. Many researchers believe that these walls belong to one of the Shan capitals of an earlier period, but it is difficult to agree with this assumption: in the southern and central part of Yinxu, which, in fact, is now considered the territory of the last capital of the Shang, a lot of burials and temple buildings were found, but quite a few traces of housing and handicraft production. In addition, it is difficult to imagine that the capital of a state that was constantly at war with its neighbors was not surrounded by a wall. The history of ancient China does not know any fortified cities at all. All this suggests that the discovered city walls are directly related to the last Shan capital, and the better studied southern part of Yinxu is its suburb, where the deceased were buried and sacrificed to them. It should be noted that in later epochs, the placement of ritual complexes to the south of the capital became a common practice in China.

In the speech of V. V. Bashkeyev (MSU ISAA) "On the process of forming the structure of higher civil officialdom in the Western Han", attention was drawn to some regularities in the functioning of the official apparatus. Based on a thorough analysis of Ban Gu's "Han Shu"essay ("History of the Han") examines the main aspects of relations between the bearer of supreme power-the hereditary monarch - and top officials, analyzes the terms of tenure, career growth dynamics, and previously held posts. Despite the fact that the system of posts formed at the beginning of the dynasty's reign did not formally change, the internal mechanisms of its functioning have repeatedly undergone transformations. The first ministers (Xianguo, chengxiang), who at the beginning of the empire's existence had great power and exerted great influence on politics, including on issues of succession to the throne, soon lost all preferences and became part of the official apparatus completely controlled by the emperor - they began to hold their position not for life, as before, but for a limited period of time. During the reign of Emperor Wen-di, the first ministers were usually appointed from among the chief censors(yushidafu), who could later become the highest dignitaries of the empire. Almost the entire top official apparatus at this time was formed from immigrants from the capital. The system was changed under U-di, when people were appointed to top officials.-

from the outskirts of the empire; the Yushidafu-Chengxiang career link was no longer used. All this suggests that during the reign of Wu-di, the formation of the main imperial institutions was still very far from complete.

Report of M. E. Kravtsova (St. Petersburg.GU) "Riddles of the Late Liang Dynasty of South China" was dedicated to a little-known episode of medieval Chinese history in the second half of the sixth century. The dynasty, founded by Xiao Yan, grandson of the founder of the more famous Liang dynasty, after a fierce struggle that followed the fall of Liang, in 554, received most of the territory of the modern province. Hubei and, thanks to civil strife in northern China, managed to hold on there until 587, when this state was destroyed by Sui troops. A princess of the late Xiang ruling house became the wife of Sui Emperor Yang Di and Empress, but was later executed. Perhaps this is why the authors of Sui Shu, who denounce the crimes of Yang Di, describe the Later Liang with great sympathy, as an extremely just and law-abiding dynasty.

In the message of S. Y. Ryzhenkov (St. Petersburg.GU) "Paired categories in the treatises of Seng-zhao (early fifth century)" some problems of philosophical methodology and terminology of Seng-zhao (382-414), a disciple of Kumarajiva and one of the most prominent representatives of Chinese Buddhist thought were considered. The speaker drew the attention of the audience to the fact that Seng-zhao not only made a great contribution to the translation of terms of Indian philosophy into Chinese, but also developed a whole system that he used in this translation. The report also attempted to reveal some features of the reception of Buddhism in China through the analysis of paired categories (presence-absence, rest-movement, etc.), which originally belonged to the categorical-terminological apparatus of the "doctrine of the hidden", but which were actively used by Chinese-Buddhist thinkers at the turn of the IV-V centuries.

In a speech by Yu. S. Mylnikova (Confucius Institute, St. Petersburg.GU) "Property rights of daughters in the history of medieval China (Tang-Song Dynasty)" attention was drawn to the main trends in the change of hereditary rights of daughters, prescribed in the legislation of this period. The analysis of the material showed that the rather broad opportunities for a daughter to inherit her father's property, which were prescribed in the Early German laws, were further steadily narrowed, being met with increasingly difficult conditions (the absence of other, albeit more distant relatives, mandatory marriage, the consent of the son-in-law to take the surname of the father-in-law, etc.). women at the early stage of the study period were influenced by nomadic culture, which was much more pronounced in Tang and almost disappeared in Song. In any case, the rights of women during this period differed favorably from the earlier stage of Chinese history.

Sergey Dmitriev (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences), in his report "Ancient Chinese capitals: a brief annotated review of the search for forms", highlighted a number of patterns that made it possible to identify the latest discoveries of Chinese archaeologists, who to some extent explored the capitals of almost all the numerous kingdoms that have replaced each other in China for thousands of years, starting with the central settlement of the Erlitou culture (which Chinese scholars prefer to call the Xia Dynasty). With a cursory analysis of the data, it is noticeable that for almost three millennia of the history of ancient China, the capitals, steadily increasing in size, with rare exceptions, retained a quadrangular shape and orientation to the countries of the world. Over time, the structure of the capitals became more complex - from the fortified palace of the ruler, they went all the way to large and very populated centers, in which the palaces occupied only a small part of the territory, and the main area was given over to craft workshops and residential quarters. The size of the capital, as well as the number and area of palaces, usually reflects the political ambitions of the kingdom.

A. I. Kobzev (Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) in his report "China and the relationship of hieroglyphics with continualism, and the alphabet with atomism" examined in detail a number of interesting patterns in the development of the West and China and offered his own explanation of the reasons for the different ways in which the development of two civilizations went. The fact that formal logic was not developed as a universal method in China did not allow Chinese science to be institutionally separated from ideology and philosophy, as it happened in the West. To a large extent, this is why the principle of atomism did not become widespread in China, despite the fact that Chinese scientists were familiar with it from Indian treatises. This difference in thinking may have been influenced by a fundamental difference in the nature of writing - the use of alphabetic writing, which allows us to construct concepts from letters that do not mean anything separately, in the author's opinion, is much more conducive to analytical thinking and an interest in separating things into elements-

cops, rather than the existence of hieroglyphs, each of which is a whole and complete concept.

V. M. Mayorov (Chenggong University, Tainan) spoke about the handwritten translation of "Shang Shu", made by Iakinf Bichurin, whose existence was unknown for a long time. Now it is planned to publish this text, which is important for the history of Russian Sinology. V. M. Yakovlev (Moscow) analyzed the original texts of the "I Ching" on tablets of the Zhou time. There are different versions of the text on different tablets. M. S. Tseluyko (ISAA MSU) spoke about the genesis of political elites and the political struggle in the Qin tsartve of the Zhanguo era. The report described the movements of the Qin capitals during the Chunqiu (771 - 453) and Zhanguo (453 - 221) periods, and attempted to combine archaeological data and written sources (primarily the work of Sima Qian). Special attention was paid to the burial grounds located in the capital district and the analysis of representatives of various layers of the Qin nobility buried there.

A significant part of the evening session on March 29 was devoted to the presentation of new books published by Vostochnaya Literatura publishing house in 2010-2011 with the financial support of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation. The following books were presented: a collection of articles by I. S. Lisevich "Mosaic of Ancient Chinese Culture" [Lisevich, 2010]; a collection of articles by A. M. Karapetyants "The Origins of Chinese Literature" [Karapetyants, 2010]; a book by A. A. Bokschanin, O. E. Nepomnin and T. V. Stepugina "History of China" [Bokschanin, Nepomnin, Stepugina, 2010]; translation of "Zhou Li" by S. R. Kucheroy [Establishment of the Zhou Dynasty..., 2010]; final (ninth) translation volume of Sima Qian's "Historical Notes" prepared by a group of scientists from the Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences and ISAA of Moscow State University under the general supervision of A. R. Vyatkin [Sima Qian, 2010]; M. V. Bankovskaya's book "Vasily Mikhailovich Alekseev and China" [Bankovskaya, 2010]; Lin Yutang's book " My Country and My People: Antiquity, the Middle Ages, new time" [Lin Yutang, 2010].

Presentations were made by Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People's Republic of China to the Russian Federation Mr. Li Hui, Deputy Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences E. V. Molodyakova, Director of the publishing House "Oriental Literature" S. M. Anikeeva, Adviser to the Russian State Science Foundation V. P. Grebenyuk, sinologists A. A. Bokshchanin, A. R. Vyatkin, S. V. Dmitriev, A. I. Kobzev, I. S. Smirnov, M. Yu. Ulyanov.

The last day of the conference was particularly marked by a cross-section of presentation topics. In principle, this was the idea of the founder of the conference, L. P. Delyusin: the exchange of research results of Sinologists engaged in studying different stages of China's development. But in this case, the general diversity of interests of the participants was compounded by organizational difficulties.

The meeting began with a report by L. A. Ivlev (St. Petersburg).GU) " On the issue of periodization of the creative heritage of the writer Xiao Hong (1911-1942)". The speaker identified three main periods in the writer's career: Harbin-Shanghai (1932-1936), Tokyo (1936-1940), and Hong Kong (1940-1942).

In the report "Chinese cloisonne enamels and Cloisonism in Western Art Nouveau Painting (1880-1910)", its author M. A. Neglinskaya (Institute of Fine Arts of the Russian Academy of Sciences) sought to show that the influence of cloisonne enamels in Western art at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. This was due to the current cultural situation and the Art Nouveau style's artistic settings, which used local color and line effects. The cloisonne enamel technique, which was adapted to Chinese soil not earlier than during the reign of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), was the result of active cross-cultural contacts at that time. Serving as a channel for transmitting artistic impulses from outside, the Cloisonnais were long regarded by the Chinese as a" foreign thing " in culture. Their production, however, remained stable during the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) eras. After the Opium Wars (1830-1860), Chinese cloisonnets became part of Western collections, and their production for the European market began. The cultural significance of Chinese enamels - direct (as a "visual background" in the interiors of the 1880s and 1910s) and indirect (perceived and transformed by Japanese and Western enamelers and French painters) - was important for the stylistic evolution of Western art.

A. A. Manucharov (St. Petersburg)GU) made a presentation "Mingtang Shrine in the official life of the Late Han Empire" about one of the most important cultural and religious traditions of ancient and imperial China, associated with the Mingtang Temple, which was considered the main state sanctuary. Based on the treatise "Discourses on Mingtang" ("Ming-tang Lun") by the famous thinker and writer of the second half of the Han - Tsai Yong era (132 - 192), the author reconstructs-

He studied the ideas about the origin and functions of this sanctuary that existed in the official ideology of the I-II centuries AD.

The report of M. A. Solopova (Institute of Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences) was devoted to the difficult biography of the sinologist, literary critic and translator V. S. Manukhin (1926-1974), best known for his unique complete translation of the classic Chinese novel of the XVI century "Jin, Ping, Mei "(total volume of about 98 a. l.), which, unfortunately, was published in the, still not fully published. The author of the report shared with the audience information about important finds made to her in the scientist's archive; it is interesting that she began to study this topic without being a Sinologist, mainly out of her fellow countrymen's feelings (B. C. Manukhin was born and lived a significant part of his life in the city of Pavlovsky Posad, Moscow region). The report aroused great interest and lively discussion, the speaker was given a number of tips and recommendations on further ways of her research.

B. S. Timchuk (St. Petersburg)GU) in his report "Views on the periodization of Chinese History by Hu Shi and N. I. Conrad" analyzed the ideas about the "Renaissance" periods expressed by Hu Shi in his lectures delivered at the University of Chicago in 1933 (published in the collection "Chinese Renaissance"); an attempt was made to compare Hu Shi's views and the "concept of the Chinese Renaissance". Chinese Renaissance" by Academician N. I. Konrad. The report caused a lively discussion, during which A. I. Kobzev expressed the idea that it is inappropriate to talk about the" renaissance " in regions where there is no linearity of the historical process.

In the report of M. Y. Ulyanov (ISAA MSU) "Textual aspects of studying "Chunqiu Zuozhuan": on the problem of identifying and characterizing structural and genre groups", the typical structure of the monument text is shown on the example of the first chapter of the monument, the main structural and genre groups are identified and characterized (a detailed historical narrative, a short historical message, narratives, comments,etc.). ethical outcome), special attention is paid to the hypothesis of preserving the "first chronicle" of Lu in the monument, on the basis of which the canonical work "Chunqiu"was created.

The meeting was continued by the report of A. D. Zelnitsky (St. Petersburg).GU) " The legal status of Taoist and Buddhist priests in Imperial China (on the example of the Tang and Ming Codes)". Based on the comparison of references to Taoist and Buddhist monks in these codes, as well as on the consideration of law enforcement to these categories of persons, the point of view is justified, according to which these groups did not have any special position, different from other strata of society. They are strictly divided into the corresponding commoners and the corresponding layer of officials, and the system of punishments is regulated depending on which stratum they belong to. The only nuance of the attitude towards Taoist and Buddhist monks is that the peculiarities of their way of life were taken into account, as well as the fact that they were considered, among other things, as a guarantor of public morality.

D. V. Deopik (ISAA MSU) made a presentation "Four studies on the history of ancient East Asia: a view from the South", which summarized some of the results of the author's long-term research in the field of studying the ancient history of East and Southeast Asia based on the analysis of archaeological and written sources. In the first part, the speaker introduced the audience to his views on the historical and cultural division of the East Asia region in ancient times. In particular, they identified and described six historical and cultural zones (Middle Yellow River, Shandong, "Ancient Primorye", Middle Yangtze, Lower Yangtze, Great Plain), justified the criteria for their allocation and posed the problem of determining their spatial boundaries. In the second part, a brief description of the historical process in the 1st millennium BC was given from the point of view of the interaction of representatives of various social strata of the North (Yellow River Basin) and the South (Yangtze), and the specifics of contacts and mutual cultural exchanges, including top - level ones, between the elites of societies were shown. The third part shows the significance of geomorphological processes of the formation of the Great Plain as a separate historical and cultural zone in 3 - 1 thousand years. from the point of view of the historical development of the Huaxia (Sino-Tibetans, the ancestors of the modern Han Chinese). In conclusion, the author summed up the results and highlighted some features of the history of the Chinese in comparison with the history of other peoples.

Chang Yu 's report (Peking University) introduced the audience to an important text of Tang military thought - the "Commentary on Sun Tzu "by Du Mu. The commentary follows the tradition of Sun Tzu research and commentary established by Cao Cao, and also largely borrows the system of representations and manner of commenting on Du Yu grandfather Du Mu. In " Com-

mentarii to Sun Tzu" was applied to the "encyclopedic" method of commentary, which is characterized by copious quoting from canonical works and supporting the argument with quotations from classical thinkers. This work not only inherited the Tang-era style of scientific systematization of military canons, but also became an important milestone on the way to turning the Sun Tzu into a canonical text.

The report of S. A. Gorbunova (IDV RAS) was devoted to the legislative initiatives of the Kuomintang government in the field of religions. While proclaiming freedom of religion, the Government simultaneously took steps to restrict the freedom of self-organization of believers. At the same time, some political leaders, including those educated abroad, sought to "free the people from religious shackles" and weaken the influence of traditional Chinese culture. In 1927, a special decree was issued on the separation of religion and education. In 1928-1929, a number of regulations were introduced that regulated the issues of temple and monastery property (mainly Taoist and Buddhist), and the protection of cultural monuments. The situation with Muslims was complicated not only by separatist and pan-Islamist tendencies that intensified after the Xinhai Revolution, but also by the policy of using this map by other political and military forces (in the 1920s - militarists, later-the CCP). As a result of the anti-Japanese war in 1937, the Association of Chinese Muslims was established, whose main activity was to unite Muslims throughout the country under the patriotic slogans of national salvation. The peculiarity of religious policy throughout the entire period of the GMD's rule was its selective nature, which in practice led to an unequal position of Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism and Catholicism.

The report of V. A. Nikiforova (IB RAS) was devoted to the reaction of the PRC to the collapse of the USSR. The author spoke about the gradual improvement of Russian-Chinese relations in the late 1980s and about the policy of the PRC (domestic and foreign) immediately after the collapse of the USSR. In the People's Republic of China, the policy of the Soviet authorities was criticized in high and academic circles; in foreign policy, China's course assumed non-interference in the internal affairs of the Soviet Union, the desire of the Chinese leadership to restore and develop normal bilateral relations based on the Sino-Soviet communiques of 1989 and 1991, as well as the five principles of peaceful coexistence.

The conference was marked by a large number of participants, including young people, which, together with a significant proportion of young scientists among the speakers, gives some hope that domestic Sinology has a future.

list of literature

XLI scientific conference "Society and the State in China". Scientific Notes of the China Department. Issue III. Moscow, 2011.

Bankovskaya, M. V. Vasily Mikhailovich Alekseev and China: The Book about the Father, Moscow, 2010.

Bokshchanin A. A., Nepomnin O. E., Stepugina T. V. Istoriya Kitay: drevnost', srednevekovie, novoe vremya [History of China: Antiquity, Middle Ages, New Time]. Moscow, 2010.

Karapetyants A.M. U istokov kitayskoy slovesnosti [At the origins of Chinese literature]. Sobranie trudov. Ser. Corpus Sericum. M., 2010.

Lin Yutang. My Country and my People, Moscow, 2010.

Lisevich I. S. Mosaic of ancient Chinese culture. Favorites. Ser. Corpus Sericum, Moscow, 2010.

Сыма Цянь. Istoricheskie zapiski (Shi ji), Vol. IX. / Transl. and comm. by R. V. Vyatkin, A. R. Vyatkin, A.M. Karapetyants, M. Yu. Ulyanov with the participation of S. R. Kucher, V. V. Bashkeev, S. V. Dmitriev, M. S. Korolkov, M. S. Tseluiko; ed. and the author of the introductory article A. R. Vyatkin. Ser. "Monuments of writing in the East". Moscow, 2010.

Establishment of the Zhou Dynasty ("Zhou Li") / Intro. art., translated from Chinese, comment. and appended by S. Kucheri, Moscow, 2010.

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