On February 23, 2009, Nina Mikhailovna Kalyuzhnaya, Doctor of Historical Sciences, one of the most prominent representatives of Russian Sinology, celebrated her 85th birthday.

Nina Mikhailovna was born in Astrakhan in the family of an employee. Her younger years were marked by the Great Patriotic War. Being mobilized in the air defense forces, Nina Mikhailovna defended the Russian sky from the raids of nazi aircraft. After the war, she entered the Chinese department of the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies. In 1949, due to the establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, while still a student, she was sent to work at the USSR Embassy in China (1949-1951), and after graduating from the Institute in 1952, she was again assigned to the Soviet Embassy in Beijing (1953-1955).

N. M. Kalyuzhna's scientific activity began in 1957 at the Institute of Chinese Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and since 1961 continued at the Institute of Asian Peoples of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences), where Nina Mikhailovna worked for 45 years in the China department until her retirement in March 2005.

N. M. Kalyuzhnaya defended her PhD thesis in 1964 and her doctorate in 1984. She is the author of four major monographs, a scientific compiler of two publications, and has written more than 80 scientific articles, sections in collective works, reviews and reviews.

A significant scientific contribution of N. M. Kalyuzhna to the study of the modern history of China was her study of the largest popular action of 1898-1901, which in historiography was called the "Yihetuan uprising". She has spent more than 20 years researching this important topic. It is no exaggeration to say that N. M. Kalyuzhnaya is still the largest Russian specialist in the study of this problem. After collecting, summarizing and publishing for the first time in Russian a huge number of documents and materials on the history of this traditional insurgent movement, N. M. Kalyuzhnaya then thoroughly analyzed Chinese, Western and Domestic historiography, tracing the evolution of various concepts on the key issues of this topic. The result was her fundamental work - " The Yihetuan Rebellion (1898-1901)", which deeply explored the ideology of the rebels, their social composition, and finally, the most important problem of the relationship between the traditional rebellion (Yihetuan) and the ruling elite (Qing Dynasty).

Another scientific topic that N. M. Kalyuzhnaya turned to in the following years was sociology, the correlation of traditional and revolutionary-democratic views in the works of Chinese enlighteners of the early XX century. For the first time, on the basis of extensive original sources, she carried out a comprehensive development of a wide range of issues related to the ideas of Chinese ideologists about the science of society. N. M. Kalyuzhnaya analyzed their views on the essence of the subject of sociology, revealed the origins (traditional and Western) of the formation of their sociological concepts. She managed to trace the interpretation of the concept of "society" and the search for its adequate translation into Chinese, to summarize the views of thinkers and publicists on the problem of the relationship between society and the individual. N. M. Kalyuzhnaya interpreted the opinions of Chinese enlighteners about the function of socio-political (state, government, legislative system) and ideological (morality, religion) institutions in the life of society, finally, gave an interpretation of their position on the role of science and enlightenment in the process of formation and development of society, analyzed their models of social stratification. The results of her research in this area were summarized in her monographs: "Tradition and Revolution. Zhang Binglin (1869-1936) was a modern Chinese thinker and politician"; "Problems of sociology in the works of Chinese Enlighteners (early XX century)". (Unfortunately, the collection of Zhang Binglin's works, which she prepared and translated into Russian for the first time, is still awaiting publication.)

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N. M. Kalyuzhna's scientific works have always been highly appreciated by both Russian and foreign colleagues. She has repeatedly been an active participant in international and all-Russian conferences, symposia and seminars.

Nina Mikhailovna has established herself as a conscientious, active and proactive scientist, a sympathetic and sensitive friend. She has always enjoyed well-deserved respect and authority among the staff of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the China Department.

Celebrating the anniversary of Nina Mikhailovna Kalyuzhna, the management and staff of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, her colleagues in the China department, the editorial board and staff of the magazine "Vostok (Oriens)" cordially congratulate her and wish her good health, prosperity and happiness in life.

MAIN SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF N. M. KALYUZHNAYA

Translated from Chinese: Morning Walk, pp. 48-56. 74 - 56 // E. Sheng-Tao. One life. Stories, Moscow: Khudozhestvenny lit., 1960.

Anti-missionary actions in China in 1886-1893. Institute of Asian Peoples. N 66. Medieval and New History of China, Moscow, 1963, pp. 69-81.

The uprising of the "Big Swords" in Shandong in 1896. Institute of Asian Peoples. N 85. Istoriya i istoriografiya stran Dalnego Vostoka [History and Historiography of the Far East countries], Moscow, 1964, pp. 60-71.

On the content of proclamations written by participants in the Ihetuan uprising / / Krat, report. Institute of Asian Peoples. N 71. From the history of philosophical and socio-political thought of the countries of the East, Moscow, 1964, pp. 133-142.

The Yihetuan Rebellion of 1898-1901 Dokumenty i materialy [Documents and Materials], Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1968, Comp. (276 p.); Preface, pp. 5-22. 25 - 47, 48 - 76, 81 - 92, 117 - 120, 155 - 159, 177 - 217; Note p. 221 - 249.

On the nature of the secret union "Yihetuan" / / Secret societies in old China, Moscow, 1970. pp. 85-107.

Narodnoe vosstanie yihetuaney v Severnom Kitay v 1898-1901 gg. [The Yihetuan People's Uprising in Northern China in 1898-1901].

The Yihetuan Rebellion (1898-1901). Historiography, Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1973, 208 p.

The Ihetuan Uprising (1898-1901). Institute of Oriental Studies, Moscow, 1978, 363 p.

The Yihetuan Rebellion // Historiography of the countries of the East: Problems of the New Time, Moscow, 1978, pp. 163-172.

Min Bao Magazine - printed organ of the Tongmenghui Union / / China: search for ways of social development, Moscow, 1979, pp. 58-85.

Historiography of the People's Republic of China on the problem of xenophobia during the Yihetuan Uprising. Part 2. Moscow, 1981, pp. 197-207.

Modern Chinese historiography on the problem of the Yihetuan Rebellion // Historical Science in China, Moscow, 1981, pp. 192-213.

"Progress" or "the stagnant power of history"? (modern historiography of the People's Republic of China on the historical role of the Yihetuan uprising) / / Society and State in China. Part 3. Moscow, 1982, pp. 93-105.

Yihetuan's slogan "Let's support the Qing, death to foreigners" in the interpretation of historians of the PRC / / Society and State in China. Part 3. Moscow, 1983, pp. 15-24.

Teoriya "professional'noi" morali Zhang Binglinya [Theory of "professional" morality of Zhang Binglin]. Part 3. Moscow, 1983, pp. 51-60.

Social Sciences in the People's Republic of China. Moscow, 1986. - Author's article: Study of the Yihetuan Uprising in the People's Republic of China (80s). pp. 210-236; Worldview of Zhang Taiyang and his political activity in the coverage of modern historiography of the People's Republic of China. pp. 237-265.

The concept of "revolution" in the interpretation of Zhang Binglin / / Society and State in China. Part 3. Moscow, 1986, pp. 3-10.

Utopian state of Zhang Binglin / / Chinese social Utopias, Moscow, 1987, pp. 210-252.

Teoriya revolyutsii Zhang Binglinya [Theory of the Revolution of Zhang Binglin] / / Socio-political thought in China (late XIX-early XX centuries). Moscow, 1988.pp. 101-157.

Zhang Binglin o prosveshchenii i obrazovanii: (Pervoe decadete XX V.) [On Enlightenment and Education: The First Decade of the XX century]. Part 3. Moscow, 1988, pp. 45-55.

The idea of personality in the context of Zhang Binglin's theory of "revolutionary Morality" / / Personality in Traditional China, Moscow, 1992. pp. 247-279.

Critical judgments of Zhang Binglin about Christianity / / Society and State in China. Part 2. Moscow, 1993, pp. 41-45.

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Zhang Binglin//Chinese philosophy. Moscow, 1994, pp. 440-441.

Tradition and Revolution: Zhang Binglin (1869-1936) was a modern Chinese thinker and politician. Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow, 1995. 341s.

Zhang Binglin. Kontseptsiya suicidal / / Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo v Kitae [Society and State in China], Moscow, 1995, pp. 228-235.

From magical power to the moral imperative: the category of "de" in Chinese culture. Moscow, 1998. - Author: Zhang Binglin's interpretation of the category of "de". pp. 264-293; Modern authors of the PRC on the category of "de". pp. 294-328.

Chinese ideologists of the early XX century on the problem of " personality and society "(based on the materials of the press of the pre-Xinhai period) / / Society and the State in China, Moscow, 1999, pp. 195-200.

Problems of sociology in the Works of Chinese Enlighteners (early XX century). Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 2002, 236 p.

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