moscow

At the XXI International Book Fair, held in September 2009, for the first time in recent years, the reading public saw the stand of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which presented several new serial publications that aroused wide interest.

First of all, I was impressed by the "History of the East" in six volumes (Chairman of the Editorial Board R. B. Rybakov) - a fundamental work covering the period from ancient times to the present day and covering the general problems of the East and the history of the countries of Asia and North Africa - more than 50 states (Moscow: Eastern Literature. 1995 - 2008). A separate article is devoted to most countries, while general theoretical chapters review and summarize the features of political processes, patterns of economic evolution, and the social mission of Eastern society. Each volume is more than 1 thousand pages of solid text, which was worked on by dozens of well-known authors.

The exhibition also featured a series of monographs " History of the Countries of the East. XX Century", which was founded by the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1999. By 2009, 11 books were published, the authors of which were prominent Russian Orientalists: R. G. Landa (Algeria): 1999, 308 p.; A. Z. Egorin (Libya): 1999, 563 p.; M. S. Sergeev (Morocco): 2001, 356 p. S. M. Aliyev (Iran): 2004, 648 p.; V. G. Korgun (Afghanistan): 2004, 526 p.; K. I. Polyakov (Sudan): 2005, 510 p.; A. Yu. Drugov, V. A. Tyurin (Indonesia): 2005, 445 p.; N. G. Kireev (Turkey): 2007, 608 p.; V. E. Molodyakov, E. V. Molodyakova, S. B. Markaryan (Japan): Moscow, 2007, 528 p.; collective of authors (Mongolia): 2007, 448 p.; V. Ya. Belokrenitsky, V. N. Moskalenko (Pakistan): 2008, 576 p.

Since 2009, another project has been launched - "East: Historical Portraits "(Chairman of the Editorial Board V. V. Naumkin). Within the next 10 years, it is planned to publish a number of monographs on the lives and activities of prominent state and public figures, scientists, philosophers, politicians, theologians who have received universal recognition in the East and abroad. all over the world. As initial pilot works, visitors to the fair were presented with already published monographs: S. N. Uturgauri and N. Y. Ulchenko about Turgut Ozal, the reformist president of Turkey, and A. Z. Egorin about Muammar Gaddafi, the leader of the Libyan revolution, whose 40th anniversary was celebrated on September 1, 2009.

On September 4, a press conference was held in the press center of the book fair.

Opening this kind of Oriental benefit, the Deputy Director of the Department of Oriental Studies, Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences V. Ya. Belokrenitsky stressed that the presented works of Russian Orientalists are only the "tip of the creative iceberg" of the institute's five-thousandth staff, whose creative biography began in 1818. Every year, the Institute publishes from 100 to 150 titles of scientific products not only on ancient and modern history, but also on economics, politics, and culture, not counting the daily workload in the form of various scientific and official events, interviews in the media, teaching in metropolitan and provincial universities, responsible editing, reviewing, opposition, etc. other aspects of scientific and organizational work.

In his speech, R. B. Rybakov especially noted the enthusiasm of the authors of the History of the East , the first large-scale Oriental work in Russia, which took almost a decade and a half to prepare. In particular, R. B. Rybakov stressed that by the end of the 20th century, the world of the East had become incomparably more integrated into the global cultural and information space, but there were still many problems that the East faced in the 21st century, plunged into the fog of globalization and the economic crisis, which became a universal tragedy.

Yu. V. Chudodeev, Scientific Secretary of the series " History of the Countries of the East. XX century", expressed confidence that gradually both specialists and amateurs will form a historical Oriental library and over time it "will not have a price". Having positively assessed the published books, he stressed that this work was done primarily for our co-authors.-

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most of them live in the Russian East, and their historical roots "go back to the Far East and the Middle East", where we expect understanding and respect, because we are convinced that the interaction and mutual enrichment of Eastern cultures with each other and with other cultures, especially with the great Russian culture, will contribute to peace and harmony.

Yu. V. Chudodeev informed the audience that six more works are in production, written by V. A. Tyurin and V. A. Tsyganov about Malaysia, V. F. Vasiliev about Burma, Yu. O. Levtonova about the Philippines, D. V. Mosyakov about Cambodia, a team of authors about Nepal, and V. M. Akhmedov about Syria.

Many flattering words were expressed by S. N. Uturgauri and N. Y. Ulchenko about the Turkish reformer Turgut Ozal, with a description of the life and work of which a new series of the Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences "East: Historical Portraits" was launched. In their opinion, the authors managed to do a lot, and most importantly, to show why T. Ozal's reforms contributed to the decisive transition of the ruling elite in Turkey to the liberal platform of internal transformation. This is the abolition of the state monopoly on a number of sectors of the economy and the admission of private companies to them; not declarative, but actual privatization of state-owned economic enterprises, etc. The most courageous step of the Government of T. Ozal is considered to be the law adopted in 1986, called the Privatization Code. Let us note, by the way, that T. Ozal's reformist style and the practice of its implementation could be useful for the current Russian reformers if they studied the experience of not only European, but also eastern neighbors of Russia, such as Turkey.

A. Z. Yegorin, the author of the first fundamental publication in Russia about Muammar Gaddafi, gave his vision of the great revolution in Libya. He spoke about how the young reformers led by Gaddafi brought the country to a qualitatively different level from the Bedouin country covered with sand. Today, the oil-rich Libya of its leader, yesterday's Bedouin, has made the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ("state of the Masses"), although the former Berber-Sufi basis of the Libyan Bedouin society has not changed, and the ideological wrapper is the "third world theory" of M. Gaddafi, which is different from both Western liberalism and Communist dictatorship. although both of them, intertwining, coexist under the banner of the leader.

The results of the press conference were summed up by A. E. Petrov, Deputy Academician-Secretary of the Department of Historical and Philological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We have witnessed a "historical breakthrough" of Russian Orientalists, he noted, who presented three series of original Oriental studies to the reading public at once, which aroused unprecedented interest and enriched historical science with new works. A. E. Petrov congratulated the Russian Orientalists on their success and wished them new achievements in the name of science.

A. Z. YEGORIN

* * *

On December 17, 2009, the ceremony of presenting the highest Iranian award-the International Prize named after him. Farabi to a major Russian scholar, specialist in the field of Iranian linguistics, Doctor of Philology, Professor Yuri Aronovich Rubinchik. Award named after him. Farabi was established in Iran in 2007. It focuses on achievements in the humanities and Islamic studies. The Iranian leadership considers it an important element of the "Twenty-Year Perspective" plan. This prize is awarded to both domestic and foreign scientists in the humanities. The latter include representatives from Italy, the United States, Lebanon, and others. The prize for writing "Grammar of the Modern Persian Language", which was translated into Persian and published in Iran, and in general for the overall contribution to the development of Persian linguistics was awarded to Yu. A. Rubinchik. This event took place in September 2009.

Yu. A. Rubinchik's work "Grammar of the modern Persian language" is a major monographic study (2001), which has no analogues in either domestic or foreign Iranian studies. Based on a large amount of factual material, the work is the most complete grammar of the Persian language, which not only takes into account the traditions of its study in Russia, but also offers original new solutions to controversial issues of Persian morphology and syntax. Her writing has a big teo-

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It has a specific meaning, which consists in the need for an in-depth study of the grammar of the Persian language due to the existence of contradictory approaches in Persian linguistics to the assessment and interpretation of many phenomena of phonetics, morphology and syntax, subject and predicate, etc. "Grammar" is also very important for improving the teaching of the Persian language in educational institutions and when writing textbooks. The value of the study is also added by the fact that the works of contemporary Iranian writers, scientific literature, modern Iranian newspapers and magazines were used as illustrative material.

The award ceremony was held in the presence of Y. A. Rubinchik's colleagues-Iranian scientists, his friends, family members and distinguished Iranian guests-the Iranian Ambassador to Russia M. R. Sajjadi, the head of the Cultural Representation A. Ebrahimi Torkaman, employees of the Embassy and Cultural Representation, as well as Iranian students and postgraduates studying at Moscow universities.

The solemn meeting was opened by M. R. Sajjadi. He noted the great achievements of Y. A. Rubinchik in the development of Iranian linguistics and stressed that the award of the international prize named after him. Farabi for his fundamental work "Grammar of the modern Persian language" - this is an adequate assessment of the noble activity of his whole life aimed at studying and describing the Persian language. Scientists like Yu. A. Rubinchik contribute to the creation of an atmosphere of mutual understanding and friendship between peoples through their scientific work, and no awards can compensate for their contribution to world science. In conclusion, M. R. Sajjadi wished the laureate new creative achievements, health and happiness to him and his family.

G. A. Voskanyan (Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation), a close friend and colleague of Yu. A. Rubinchik, spoke about the formation of Yu. A. Rubinchik as a scientist from the moment of their acquaintance in the walls of VIIA, which the laureate graduated in 1945, about his main, fundamental scientific works, and emphasized his achievements in the development of Russian Iranian studies. G. A. Voskanyan noted that the award named after him. Farabi is a high and well-deserved award.

S.e. Talibova (MSLU), addressing the audience, noted the importance and relevance of creating a "Grammar of the Modern Persian Language" for the entire Iranian community, and first of all for teachers of the Persian language and students of Iranian studies. She also expressed great gratitude to Yuri Rubinchik on behalf of his many students who now live and work not only in Russia, but also abroad, and who themselves are already training young personnel of Iranian artists.

N. M. Mammadova (Center for the Study of BSV Countries of the Institute of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Academy of Sciences) noted the importance of Yu. A. Rubinchik's scientific works for Iranian studies in general. She presented the prize winner with a collection of articles " Iran. History, Economy, Culture", which published one of his last articles.

J. H. Dorry (MSLU) shared his impressions about the joint work with Yu. A. Rubinchik on the two-volume "Persian-Russian dictionary" as part of the team of its compilers. He also praised not only the award-winning" Grammar of the Modern Persian Language", but also other works of the laureate on a wide range of problems of modern Persian linguistics.

A. Ebrahimi Torkaman, Head of the Cultural Representation at the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Russian Federation, expressed deep gratitude to Yu. A. Rubinchik for his work on studying the problems of the modern Persian language. He stressed that the third international award named after him. Farabi found her prize winner. He wished the hero of the day long life and health.

At the end of the ceremony, M. R. Sajjadi presented Y. A. Rubinchik with a beautifully designed certificate signed by the President of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, and all those present presented flowers. Yu. A. Rubinchik, in turn, thanked the representatives of the Iranian side for the high assessment given to his scientific work - "Grammar of the Modern Persian Language", and all those present in the hall - for their kind words addressed to him.

M. S. KAMENEVA

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NUSANTARA SOCIETY

On October 14, 2009, the Center for Oriental Literature of the Russian State Library hosted an evening in memory of the Indonesian writer V. S. Rendra (1935-2009). The event was organized by the Nusantara Society in cooperation with the Society for Cooperation and Friendship with Indonesia. A report on the life and work of this outstanding writer, poet, director and playwright was made by a literary critic and translator from Indonesian, V. V. Sikorsky (VKII MFA of the Russian Federation), who shared his memories of meetings with this figure in Moscow and Indonesia. The report was illustrated by Rendra's poems in the original and translated into Russian performed by students of the ISAA of Moscow State University and the Institute of Practical Oriental Studies. A song about Indonesia, performed by a first-year student of ISAA, was also an appropriate decoration for the evening. The library hall hosted an exhibition of the poet's original publications in Indonesia and translations of his poems into Russian and other languages.

* * *

On December 4, 2009, the Embassy of Malaysia hosted an evening dedicated to Russian-Malaysian friendship called "Friendly Meetings", organized by the Nusantara Society, the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Moscow State University and the Embassy of Malaysia and conducted by the ISAA of Moscow State University, the Institute of Practical Oriental Studies (IPV) with the participation of Malaysian students.

Welcoming speeches were delivered by: Ambassador of Malaysia to Russia Muhammad Khalis Hasan Ali, Chairman of the Nusantara Society V. V. Sikorsky, and Head of the Department of Philology of Southeast Asia, Korea and Mongolia ISAA E. S. Kukushkina.

IPV students studying the Malaysian language prepared a variety of concert performances. Songs were performed (one of them called "United Malaysia" was recognized as the best song of the year in Malaysia), poems by famous poets Rahman Shaari and Gafar Ibrahim, comic scenes were shown in which students showed their knowledge of not only the cultural traditions of Malaysia, but also the differences between Malaysian and Indonesian languages. Together with Malaysian students, children from IPV performed colorful national dances. The evening ended with a banquet prepared by the Embassy of Malaysia, where all those present had the opportunity to taste national Malay cuisine.

The event was attended by representatives from the Embassy of Malaysia and the Malaysian Tourism Authority, ISAA and IPV professors and teachers, members of the Nusantara Society, as well as Malaysian students from Moscow universities.

T. V. DOROFEEVA

ALMA-ATA

Kazakhstan

Much attention is paid to the study of the history and culture of nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppe belt in Russia and the countries of the Central Asian region. Scientific centers in different countries conduct research on this topic, publish scientific papers and popular books, and hold conferences. In recent years, international thematic conferences organized by the Kazakh Research Institute on the Cultural Heritage of nomads of the Committee of Culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan have played a prominent role among scientific forums devoted to discussing topical issues of the history and culture of the nomadic world. The third international scientific conference "The role of Nomads in shaping the cultural heritage of Kazakhstan (Masanov Readings-2009)"was held in Almaty on April 23-24, 2009. Like previous conferences, it was dedicated to the memory of the founder of the Institute, who untimely passed away Prof.-

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sora N. E. Masanova. Scientists from Kazakhstan, Belgium, Italy, and Russia took part in its work.

At the opening of the conference, Director of the Kazakh Research Institute for Cultural Heritage of Nomads (hereinafter - KazNII) I. V. Erofeeva emphasized the great importance of research on the history and culture of nomadic peoples for the preservation of the cultural heritage of Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries.

N. N. Kradin (Institute of History, Archeol. and ethnogr. Peoples of the Far East, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok). Describing the experience of theoretical understanding of the history of nomads in the works of European and American scientists, he noted the important role of nomadic peoples in the development of trade and cultural ties, the spread of innovations in the Middle Ages. The speaker introduced the audience to the results of the research of the Russian-Mongolian expedition to the Chin-Tolgoi-Balgas ancient settlement in Central Mongolia, in which he takes part. Among the interesting finds at this ancient settlement, he refers to objects characteristic of the culture of the Far Eastern medieval state of Bohai. According to the speaker, the sources contain information about the resettlement of Bohai people to Central Mongolia. Later, the Mongol authorities resettled Jurchens in Mongolia, Tuva, and even the Golden Horde.

Report by Yu. S. Khudyakov (Institute of Archeology. and ethnogr. Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk) It was devoted to the analysis of sources concerning the heroic hunting of the ruling elite and ordinary nomads among the ancient Turks, Yenisei Kyrgyz and other medieval Turkic nomadic peoples of Central Asia. Archaeological materials, information from written sources and objects of fine and decorative arts were considered, the study of which helps to reconstruct the peculiarities of hunting among nomadic peoples.

The report of I. V. Yerofeyeva (Kaz. Research Institute) "Epistolary heritage of the ruling elite of nomadic Kazakhs: origin and specific features" contained a detailed review of official letters addressed by Kazakh khans and sultans to Russian emperors, governors and voivodes, Bashkir, Kalmyk, Dzungarian, Bukhara and other rulers. Among them there are diplomatic messages and personal letters. In total, over the years of work, more than a thousand units of such documents have been identified. Currently, some of these materials have been processed and prepared for publication.

A. K. Kushkumbayev (Kokshetau University, Kazakhstan) in his report "The historical significance of round-up hunting in the military affairs of nomads of Central Asia" analyzed rock carvings with hunting scenes and came to the conclusion that corral hunting for wild ungulates has existed among the population of the steppes of Kazakhstan since the Bronze Age. In his opinion, the role of hunting in the emergence of nomadic cattle breeding was great. According to the speaker, round-up hunting is a more highly organized type of hunting than corral hunting. Many medieval nomadic rulers had special reserves - kurukas, where ordinary nomads could not hunt. The eldest son of Genghis Khan, Jochi, led the round-up hunts for some time. Among the Mongols, hunting and war were interrelated. The round-up hunt consisted of five stages: exploration, gathering participants, dividing into groups, locking up and slaughtering animals. In the Mongol Empire, round-up hunts lasted for three to four months. The speaker came to the conclusion that round-up hunts among nomads up to the XVIII century were a special institution within the framework of military affairs.

The joint report of L. A. Bobrov (Novosibirsk State University) and Yu. S. Khudyakov "Firearms in the troops of the Dzungarian Khanate" contained an analysis of the available historical evidence about the rearmament of the rulers of this state with their troops with hand firearms and artillery. The first attempts to acquire firearms were made by the Dzungars during the reign of Batur-Khuntaiji. Under Galdan Boshoktu Khan, the purchase of such weapons was widespread. The Dzungars bought weapons from Russia, Central Asia, and East Turkestan, and tried with the help of foreign specialists to establish their production in Dzungaria itself. It was an experience of successful development of technologies of rifle and gun production in the conditions of nomadic statehood.

Speech by S. S. Saifulmalikova (Kazakh National teacher) University of Alma Ata) was devoted to the processes of disintegration of tribal relations among Kazakhs who lived in the Syrdarya region in the second half of the XIX century. A. E. Rogozhinsky (KazNII) considered numerous Tamga signs found among rock carvings. He offered the experience of identifying some of the characters of these signs with the ancestral tamgas of the Kazakhs of the Senior Zhuz on

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based on archival documents of the XIX century. In 1886, the governor of the Syrdarya region, Grodekov, initiated the collection of such materials under a specially developed program, which made it possible for scientists to use them in their research in the future. An important source among petroglyphs is the monument "Tamgaly-Tas", which can serve as a real encyclopedia for studying Tamga signs.

R. A. Beknazarov's speech (Institute of History and Ethnology named after Ch. Ch. Valikhanov, Alma-Ata) contained information about the shezhera-genealogies of the Kazakhs of the Younger Zhuz, collected in the second half of the XIX century by the researcher I. M. Kazantsev. The speaker offered his own version of the classification of these pedigrees. B. O. Zhangutin (Kazakh national teacher). un-t) spoke about the processes of repatriation of the Kazakh population from China to Kazakhstan in the 1950s. According to the data, from the late 1940s to the early 1960s, 260 thousand people were resettled in Kazakhstan from different regions of China.

M. B. Kozha (Intern. Kazakh-Turkish University) made a report on the research of the mausoleum of Mansur-Ata, located in the south of Kazakhstan. The mausoleum is located in a Muslim cemetery near the Shah Mansur Mosque, in the vicinity of the medieval settlement of Jangali. According to the results of the research conducted, Mansur-Ata was the ruler of the Sairam region in the Middle Ages. The mausoleum in his honor was built in the XVIII century by one of his descendants - Mir-Eid-Sheikh.

The report of A. E. Astafyev (Mangystau Nature Reserve, Kazakhstan) "Some directions of studying the underground mosques of Mangystau" was read by E. H. Khorosh (KazNII). The author of the report questions the validity of the term "underground mosque" itself. As a result of his research, he found out that many of these caves were formerly residential premises. According to the speaker, only a cave with a mihrab can be considered a mosque. Some of the surveyed monuments have both underground and above-ground structures with mihrab slabs. Some of them are revered by Muslims as holy places.

In the collective report of B. J. Aubekerov, S. A. Nigmatova, V. A. Koshkin and others. (all - KazNII) "Lake Balkhash as a natural environment for the formation and development of nomadic civilization" the results of joint geological and archaeological studies of changes in the water area of this lake in Southern Kazakhstan by Kazakh, Chinese, American and Japanese scientists were presented. The authors of the report were able to trace changes in the lake level, periods of regression and transgression during the late Holocene, and the associated processes of flooding of meadows and vegetation growth, which directly affected the level of productivity of cattle breeding.

Italian scientist R. Sala, who works at the Kazakh Research Institute for Cultural Heritage of Nomads, made a report on semiotic methods of studying rock art monuments. The Belgian archaeologist J. M. Deom, who is also an employee of this institute, made a report on medieval settlements in the north-east of the Tien Shan. He analyzed materials from published archaeological reports and the Journal of Xinjiang Archaeology published by the XUAR Institute of Archaeology in Urumqi. According to these data, in the Tarim basin and in the vicinity of the lake. Barkul to date, 49 ancient settlements have been identified, of which 46 have been studied. Medieval settlements are located on rivers and on the routes of the Great Silk Road. The speaker identified three phases of the rise and decline of urban life in this area. According to him, the development phases correspond to the period of the Tang Empire, the states of the Turfan Uyghurs and Karakhanids, then the Karakitai and Oirats, and the periods of decline are associated with the wars of the Mongols, Chagatai and Manchus. The author of the report noted some features of the fortification of the studied settlements and presented the data collected by him in the form of a summary table.

B. T. Zhanaev (KazNII) in his report "Shala Cossacks in the XIX-early XX centuries: origin, settlement, occupation" analyzed information about the ethnic group of mixed origin that inhabited some areas of the Syrdarya, Semirechensk and Ferghana regions during the study period. As the author of the report found out, the first mention of this term in sources dates back to the end of the XVIII century, but it continued to be used until the 1920s. Groups of "shala-Cossacks" existed among Kazakhs and Kyrgyz. They were a settled population, subjects of the Central Asian khanates and were not part of the tribal structure of these peoples.

At the final plenary session, speakers M. B. Kozha, Yu. S. Khudyakov, R. A. Beknazarov, N. N. Kradin, and I. V. Erofeeva emphasized the importance of holding thematic conferences devoted to the analysis of the problems of the history and culture of nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppe belt, for the development of the world economy.

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get new information, coordinate research and implement joint projects of scientists from the CIS countries and other European and Asian countries that study the cultural heritage of nomads. The conference participants noted the high organizational level of the forum and thanked its organizers for the warm welcome given to those who took part in its work.

Yu. S. KHUDYAKOV

MALAYSIA

KUALA LUMPUR

November 7-8, 2009 Comparative Literature Association of Malaysia (Chairman Ahmad Kamal Abdullah) and Virtual Community of Poets e-sastera.com (Chairman Irwan Abu Bakar) held a presentation of the poetry anthologyMusibah Gempa Padang ("The Tragedy of the Padang Earthquake") at the Abdul Rahman bin Auf Mosque in the Kuala Lumpur suburb of Puchong. Antologi Puisi Penyair Nusantara. Kuala Lumpur, 2009, dedicated to the victims of the Padang earthquake (Indonesia, September 30, 2009). The anthology contains poems by more than 100 poets from Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia and Singapore. All proceeds from its implementation will go to help victims of the earthquake. During the presentation, about 20 poets recited their poems, including Malaysia's National Writer Abdul Samad Saeed.

* * *

On November 16, 2009, the Institute of Asia and Europe at the University of Malaya organized the first of a series of lectures on prominent figures of our time. The series was opened with a lecture by former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed "Asia and the 21st Century". In it, he noted that the development dynamics of the Asian region is rapidly turning it into a center of world politics and economy comparable to the European region. The characteristic features of the economy of these countries are the process of industrialization, export orientation of production, large investments in the development of human resources (education, improving the quality of life), and a high level of savings (in China - 43% of GDP, in Japan - 34%, while in the USA - 15%, in England - 17%). However, not only the rapid economic growth of China and Japan, but also the emergence of so - called new industrial countries ("young tigers") confirms the idea that the future belongs to this region. For more than a quarter of a century, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore have been demonstrating economic development rates several times higher than European countries, and even higher than the world as a whole.

* * *

On December 4, 2009, the Malaysian Language and Literature Council hosted a public lecture by Unsu Royal Professor Aziz (the only professor in the country with such a title) on "Folk Wisdom in the Malay Panthuns". The lecture was organized by the Malaysian Language and Literature Council and the Linguistic Society of Malaysia in a series of annual lectures dedicated to the famous Malay historiographer, theologian and philologist Raja Ali Haji (1809-1870).1. Ungku Aziz is a well-known collector of pantuns - Malay folk quatrains. There are more than 16 thousand of them in his collection. In svo-

1 He wrote the Genealogies of the Bugas and the Genealogies of the Malays and Bugas and All their Rulers (1865, published in Singapore in 1911), as well as the chronicle Tuhfat an-Nafis. In addition, he wrote one of the first grammars of the Malay language (1857) and a dictionary (1858, published in 1928). In the field of literature, he is known as the master of Gurindam-a collection of "Twelve [groups of] Gurindams".

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during the lecture, he examined the structure of the traditional pantoon, the subject matter, drew attention to its metaphorical nature and the presence of internal and final rhyme, and stressed the need to preserve this national treasure, including through appropriate work in schools and the creation of clubs for lovers of pantoons.

V. A. POGADAEV

* * *

On December 4, 2009, the PENA Writers ' Organization of Malaysia (Penulis Nasional - National Writer), together with the Russian Center for Science and Culture in Kuala Lumpur, presented two books by Russian orientalist and translator Viktor Pogadaev: the anthology of translations of poems by Malay and Indonesian poets into Russian "To Conquer the Heights" and the anthology of Russian literature in Malay "Golden Rose". The book "To Conquer the Heights", published by the Moscow publishing house "Klyuch-S" in 2009, presents the works of 27 Malaysian and five Indonesian poets. The Golden Rose anthology, published by the State Translation Institute of Malaysia in 2009, introduces both samples of Russian folklore-epics, fairy tales, proverbs, and the best works of classics of Russian literature and contemporary Russian writers and poets. PENA Baha Zain, President of the organization, noted that the publication of books reflects the growing mutual interest in the cultures of the two countries. Malaysian poets (National Writer Abdul Samad Saeed, Sutung Umar, Ibrahim Ghafar, Rahimidin Zahari, Mareli N. O., Irwan Abu Bakar, Hasimah Harun, Khalid Salleh, A. Ghafar Ibrahim) who attended the presentation read their poems included in the anthology in Malay, and translations into Russian were read by Viktor Pogadaev, employees of the Russian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur and students of the capital's universities studying Russian.

P. V. POGADAEVA

indonesia

JAKARTA

On February 18, 2010, in connection with the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Indonesia, a seminar on Russian-Indonesian literary relations was held, organized by the Center for Science and Culture of Russia and the Society of Translators of Indonesia. First Secretary of the Russian Embassy in Indonesia N. Tolmachev stressed that Russian classics had a significant impact on the formation of Indonesian literature. The writer Idrus, in particular, noted: "In Russian literature, Indonesians were attracted to the vast and sublime world... solid natures, strong personalities, a wide field of activity, huge destruction, unbearable suffering, passionate love for the motherland, high ideas, constant readiness for self-sacrifice... Russian literature was the only refuge from the feeling of inferiority that lived among Indonesians during the period of colonial oppression." The first acquaintance of Indonesians with Russian classics took place in the colonial period through Dutch and English translations.

After the declaration of independence, the process of translating works of Russian classics into Indonesian is being intensified. Moreover, the largest Indonesian writers participate in this work. Idrus himself translated Armored Train 14-69 by Vs. Ivanov (1948) and short stories by A. P. Chekhov (1949). Pramudya Anant's contribution is huge.: Gorky's Mother (1956), Sholokhov's The Fate of Man (1956), Boris Polevoy's The Tale of a Real Man (1959), and short stories by Leo Tolstoy and A. I. Kuprin (1950, 1954). His brother Usalah Subagio Tur, a graduate of the Peoples ' Friendship University of Moscow, introduced Indonesian readers to the works of Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Anas Makruf repeated the translation of The Fate of Man in 1966. Armein Pane translated Ehrenburg's Day Two (1956), Muhammad Rajab translated Dostoevsky's Notes from the Dead House and The Weak Heart (1949, 1969), Trisno Sumarjo translated Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago, and Hajus Siagian translated Solzhenitsyn's One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1976). Repeatedly translated and published in

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There are N. V. Gogol, especially his " Inspector General "(the last translation by Asrul Sani in 1978), as well as A. P. Chekhov ("The Cherry Orchard" translated by R. Tinas in 1972). Their plays do not leave the stages of numerous professional and student theaters.

In turn, the works of such Indonesian authors as Marah Rusli ("Nurbaya City"), Abdul Muis ("Wrong Upbringing"), Pramudya Ananta Tur ("Partisan Family", "On the Bank of the Bekasi River", "Human World"), Utui Tatang Sontani have been translated into Russian in Russia ("Surapati", "Tanbera", "Coffee Flower". Poems of Indonesian poets have been published in several collections: "Voices of Three thousand Islands", "Flowers of distant Shores", "Poems of young poets of Indonesia" in remarkable translations by S. Severtsev. In 2004, a collection of poems by the master of Indonesian literature Tawfiq Ismail "Rendezvous" was published. The influence of Indonesian folklore, particularly pantun, on Russian literature is also interesting. In Russia, at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, imitations of pantun were composed by V. Bryusov, A. Adalis, A. Zhovtis, and G. Permyakov. In V. Bryusov's" Malay Songs", for example, you can easily recognize the signs of the islands of the Malay archipelago: the aromas of champaca flowers that the wind" breathed in", figs, bananas, pandanuses, coconuts, a rice field, tigers in the jungle thickets, white waves on the sea coast. And, of course, the poetry of the images. The story of the Russian-Indonesian literary relations will be incomplete without mentioning And. I. A. Goncharov, who visited Java during a trip around the world on the frigate Pallada (1852-1854), devoted the best lines of the book to the description of Indonesia in his book of the same name. Pictures of Indonesian nature, which the writer called "a gentle artist", were enthusiastically presented. K. Balmont, who visited Celebes (Sulawesi), Java and Sumatra in 1912, collected a valuable ethnographic collection, which he handed over to Moscow University. Among the poems inspired by Indonesian motifs are "Malay Plots" ("The Plot of the Arrow", "The Plot of Love") and " Gamelang "(gamelan) - an exceptional work of poetic imagery and musicality. The seminar also included a presentation of the Russian-Indonesian - Indonesian-Russian dictionary compiled by V. Pogadaev, which was first published in Indonesia.

V. A. POGADAEV

MEDAN

On November 20-23, 2009, an international poetry festival was held at the initiative of the Department of Culture and Tourism of North Sumatra Province and the Medan Writers ' Association, which was attended by more than 50 poets from different countries. In addition to reading poetry, there were discussions about trends in the development of modern poetry. As part of the festival, a competition was organized among secondary school students for the best poem and short story. The festival participants visited the legendary Lake Toba and presented their poems to it, which will later be published in a separate book.

V. A. POGADAEV

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