Pangungusap: Isang Ideya na Mas maaga sa mga Lawa ng Kalikasan
Ang konsepto ng perpetuum mobile (lat. “walang huli ang paggalaw”) — ang makina na may kakayahan magbigay ng kapakinabangan na gawain nang walang kailangan ng enerhiya mula sa labas, ay naging isa sa pinaka-kagustuhan at pinakamalungkot na ideya sa kasaysayan ng siyensiya at teknolohiya. Ang kanyang ebolusyon — ay ang daan mula sa alkemikal na pag-asa sa paglikha ng pinagkukunan ng walang huli na enerhiya hanggang sa modernong pisikal na batas na kategoryang pinagbawalan ang posibilidad nito. Ang daan na ito ay nagpapakita hindi lamang ng pag-unlad ng metodolohiya ng siyensiya, kundi pati na rin ang psikolohikal na katatagan ng utopian na pag-iisip kahit sa harap ng walang kahulugan na katibayan.
Ang Erap ng mga Maniningil: Ang Mekanikal na Kastigahan (XII–XVIII siglo)
Ang unang mga proyekto ng perpetuum mobile, na kabilang sa panahon ng Malawak na Gitnang Kaalye at ang Renasimiyento, ay purong mekanikal. Ang kanilang mga tagapag-imbento (kalimitan ang mga matatalino na inhinyero) ay hindi pa alam ang mga pangunahing mga batas ng pag-iimbak ng kalakasan, ngunit mahusay na nakikita ang mga siklikal na proseso sa kalikasan — ang pag-ikot ng mga sferang langit, ang paglikha ng tubig, ang pagtutulog ng puso. Lumugod na lumikha ng isang mekanikal na disyunero na, kapag pinapalakad, ay magpatuloy sa paggalaw nang walang huli, mapagtagumpayan ang pagkakasalamin sa pamamagitan ng isang mapamalas na sistema ng baras, mga presyo at pagpasok-pasok.
Ang Gulong ni Bhaskara (XII siglo): Isang ng mga kauna-unahang kilalang proyekto, na pinagmulan sa indiyensiyang matematiko na si Bhaskara II. Inaasahang ang gulong na may mga nakapagsasaklaw na tubo na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r Burton, na may r
© lib.ph
New publications: |
Popular with readers: |
News from other countries: |
![]() |
Editorial Contacts |
About · News · For Advertisers |
Philippine Digital Library ® All rights reserved.
2023-2026, LIB.PH is a part of Libmonster, international library network (open map) Preserving the Filipino heritage |
US-Great Britain
Sweden
Serbia
Russia
Belarus
Ukraine
Kazakhstan
Moldova
Tajikistan
Estonia
Russia-2
Belarus-2